本文關(guān)鍵詞： 地下水 漏斗 演變規(guī)律 成因　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和對水資源需求量的增加,濰坊北部地下水位不斷下降,自1983年起,壽光、寒亭、昌邑等地逐漸形成降落漏斗。隨著地下水的超采,濰坊北部降落漏斗不斷發(fā)展,并引發(fā)咸水入侵、地下水污染、地面沉降等一系列問題,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境、資源的矛盾日益突出。研究濰坊北部漏斗的形成與演變機(jī)制,對地下水位的恢復(fù)和保護(hù)、指導(dǎo)當(dāng)?shù)氐叵滤暮侠黹_發(fā)利用、實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)環(huán)境良性發(fā)展具有重要意義。本文以濰坊北部的昌邑市、壽光市、寒亭區(qū)形成的連片漏斗為研究對象,主要進(jìn)行了以下研究:(1)分析了濰北區(qū)地下水水位和水化學(xué)動態(tài)變化特征;(2)分析了濰北區(qū)降落漏斗的演變情況,并劃分漏斗發(fā)展階段,明確漏斗發(fā)展態(tài)勢,研究漏斗發(fā)展特征;(3)用相關(guān)分析法來定量研究濰北區(qū)地下水位與地下水開采量、大氣降雨入滲、河道滲漏補(bǔ)給和灌溉回歸補(bǔ)給等因素的關(guān)系,分析各因素對地下水位降落漏斗的影響程度;(4)運(yùn)用主成分分析法確定濰坊北部地下水漏斗主成因,并探求其作用機(jī)制;(5)提出了濰坊超采區(qū)的治理措施。主要研究成果如下:(1)濰北區(qū)地下水位年際動態(tài)受地下水開采量的影響,隨著地下水開采量的不斷增加,地下水位持續(xù)下降;地下水位年內(nèi)變化受農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水量和降水量影響。(2)濰北區(qū)2000~2015年間地下水化學(xué)離子含量和水化學(xué)類型發(fā)生改變。同時過量開采地下水改變了地下水的流場,入滲補(bǔ)給增大,被氧化、溶解的鈣鎂等礦物進(jìn)入水中,加之地下水污染加劇,導(dǎo)致超采區(qū)總硬度和TDS濃度均有所增加。(3)運(yùn)用Surfer軟件對濰北區(qū)漏斗進(jìn)行了可視化處理,繪制了濰北區(qū)地下水位等值線圖和三維表面圖,從水平和垂向形象地展示了地下水位降落漏斗的發(fā)展情況,揭示了漏斗演變情勢,并分析總結(jié)了濰北區(qū)降落漏斗特征,主要包括地域性、繼承性、縱橫發(fā)展不一致性、中心可移動性等。(4)劃分了濰北區(qū)漏斗發(fā)展階段。昌邑漏斗:1984~2007年為直線發(fā)展階段,2008~2012年為穩(wěn)定發(fā)展階段,2013~2015年為急劇擴(kuò)張階段,今后為逐漸恢復(fù)階段。壽光漏斗:1983~2005年為直線發(fā)展階段,2006~2009年為穩(wěn)定發(fā)展階段,2010~2015年為急劇擴(kuò)張階段,今后為逐漸恢復(fù)階段。寒亭漏斗:1983~2003年為直線發(fā)展階段,2004~2007年為穩(wěn)定發(fā)展階段,2008~2015年為急劇擴(kuò)張階段,今后為逐漸恢復(fù)階段。(5)根據(jù)皮爾遜相關(guān)系數(shù)法求得的相關(guān)系數(shù)結(jié)果可知,濰北區(qū)降落漏斗地下水位與多個影響因素均呈現(xiàn)一定的相關(guān)性,相關(guān)性從高到低依次為:地下水開采量、降雨入滲、河流滲漏、灌溉回歸補(bǔ)給等。地下水位與地下水開采量存在極強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性,且為負(fù)相關(guān),說明隨著開采量的增加,地下水位持續(xù)下降;地下水位與降雨入滲量之間呈現(xiàn)顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,降雨入滲在濰北區(qū)降落漏斗的形成過程中起到主導(dǎo)作用。此外,地下水位與河道滲漏補(bǔ)給、灌溉回歸補(bǔ)給也呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)。社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展、人口的增長以及蓄水工程的建立通過影響地下水的補(bǔ)給和排泄,間接影響著降落漏斗的發(fā)展。(6)運(yùn)用主成分分析法分析了濰坊北部漏斗的主成因,將漏斗的形成歸結(jié)為自然因素和人為因素的影響,并確定了其影響機(jī)制。人為因素主要指在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中,不斷過量地開采地下水以及人口的增長、城市化的發(fā)展使地下水位持續(xù)下降,導(dǎo)致降落漏斗的形成;自然因素表現(xiàn)在近年氣候多變,降水和徑流減少,對地下水的補(bǔ)給作用減弱,加劇了地下水位降落漏斗的發(fā)展。其中,降水和地下水開采量的影響程度最大,是漏斗產(chǎn)生的主要驅(qū)動力。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the increasing demand of water resources, groundwater in northern Weifang is declining, since 1983, Shouguang, Hanting, Changyi and other places gradually formed. With the funnel of groundwater, the northern Weifang funnel development, and lead to saltwater intrusion, groundwater pollution, a series of problems such as ground subsidence, economic development and environment, resources have become increasingly prominent. The formation and evolution mechanism of the northern Weifang funnel, the recovery and protection of underground water, rational development and utilization of local groundwater, the ecological environment has important significance to realize the benign development. This paper takes Weifang north of Changyi City, Shouguang City, Hanting District form a contiguous funnel as the research object, the main research is as follows: (1) analysis of the north water level and dynamic variation of water chemistry; (2) analysis of the evolution of the North Weihe landing funnel Condition, and divide the funnel development stage, the development trend of clear funnel, funnel development characteristics; (3) to the North Weihe quantitative study on underground water level and groundwater extraction with the method of correlation analysis, the relationship between the rainfall, river seepage recharge and irrigation return recharge and other factors, analysis of various factors on the influence of underground water level drawdown funnel; (4) using principal component analysis to determine the main causes of groundwater in northern Weifang, and to explore its mechanism of action; (5) put forward Weifang overdraftedzone governance measures. The main results are as follows: (1) effects of groundwater exploitation the annual dynamic groundwater in Weibei area, with the increasing amount of groundwater mining the decline of groundwater level; groundwater level variation within the year by agricultural irrigation water and precipitation effect. (2) the north between 2000~2015 chemical ion concentration in groundwater and water chemistry type change at the same time. Excessive exploitation of groundwater changes of groundwater flow, infiltration increased, oxidized, dissolved minerals such as calcium and magnesium in the water, and the groundwater pollution intensifies, resulting in over exploitation of total hardness and TDS concentration were increased. (3) using Surfer software for the visualization of the North Weihe funnel, drawing the groundwater level in North Weihe equivalent line graph and 3D surface map, the development from the horizontal and vertical image to display the groundwater funnel, the funnel reveals the evolution, summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics of North Weihe funnel, including regional, inheritance, development and inconsistency, center mobility (4) division. The North funnel development stage. Changyi funnel: 1984~2007 as the linear development stage, 2008~2012 in the stable stage of development, 2013~2015 is the stage of rapid expansion, the future is gradually recovering stage. Shouguang funnel: 1983 ~2005 is a linear development stage, 2006~2009 in the stable stage of development, 2010~2015 is the stage of rapid expansion, the future is gradually recovering stage. Hanting funnel: 1983~2003 as the linear development stage, 2004~2007 in the stable stage of development, 2008~2015 is the stage of rapid expansion, the future is gradually restored. (5) according to the results of correlation coefficient Pearson correlation coefficient method shows that the North Weihe groundwater drawdown funnel and multiple factors showed a certain correlation, correlation from high to low are: the exploitation of groundwater, rainfall infiltration, river seepage, irrigation return recharge. There is a strong correlation between groundwater level and groundwater exploitation, and is negative correlation that means that with the increase of mining, underground water level continues to decline; the underground water level and rainfall infiltration volume showed a significant positive correlation, rainfall infiltration in North Weihe funnel. Play a leading role in the process of forming. In addition, the underground water level and river recharge, irrigation return recharge also showed a positive correlation. The rapid development of social economy, population growth and water storage projects through the establishment of groundwater recharge and discharge, indirectly affect the development of the funnel. (6) using principal component analysis analysis of the main causes of northern Weifang funnel, the funnel is formed due to the effects of natural and human factors, and determine its influence mechanism. The human factors in the process of regional economic development, constantly open to excessive exploitation of groundwater and the increase of population, the development of the city underground water level continued to decline, resulting in the formation of funnel; natural factors in the recent climate variability, precipitation and runoff, weakening of the replenishment effect of groundwater, exacerbated the groundwater funnel development. Among them, drop The largest influence of water and groundwater exploitation is the main driving force produced by the funnel.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P641.8

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