本文關(guān)鍵詞：抽水融冰條件下引水渠道水溫變化的過程模擬　出處：《石河子大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 抽水融冰 引水渠道 原型觀測 數(shù)值模擬 不凍長度

【摘要】：抽水融冰技術(shù)是解決水電站凍害問題比較經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的方法之一,通過注入較高溫度的地下水以提升渠水溫度,從而防止冰害的產(chǎn)生,且抽取的地下水勢能在一定程度上可抵消抽水消耗的電能甚至增加發(fā)電量。本文以新疆瑪納斯河流域紅山嘴電站抽水融冰引水渠道為研究對象,通過原型觀測試驗(yàn)、水槽試驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬以及理論分析等方法,分析了抽水融冰的關(guān)鍵影響因素,并對抽水融冰條件下引水渠道水溫變化的過程進(jìn)行了研究,為嚴(yán)寒區(qū)域的水電站引水渠道冬季冰害的防治提供科學(xué)依據(jù)與技術(shù)支持。(1)以紅山嘴電站引水渠道為原型,進(jìn)行了7口融冰井運(yùn)行下引水渠道沿程水溫變化的觀測試驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)在抽水融冰條件下,渠道沿程水溫均在0.5~2.9℃之間,且均比混合前溫度增高了0.1~0.3℃,說明了抽水融冰對于渠水的增溫效果顯著;同時(shí)通過水槽試驗(yàn),對不同渠道引水流量、不同井水流量以及不同注水點(diǎn)位置的渠道沿程水溫變化進(jìn)行了24組水槽試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:在注水點(diǎn)處渠道水溫明顯上升,且水溫的最大增幅可達(dá)到1.6℃;渠道沿程混合水溫明顯高于井前渠道水溫,且井水流量越大對渠道的增溫效果越明顯;另外,三口井同時(shí)運(yùn)行時(shí),使渠水產(chǎn)生了累計(jì)加溫效果,且對渠水增溫效果留有富余,導(dǎo)致了過多熱量的浪費(fèi),因此合理布置注水點(diǎn)位置對實(shí)際工程運(yùn)行尤為重要。(2)以抽水融冰引水渠道實(shí)際運(yùn)行參數(shù)為邊界條件,基于FLUENT軟件平臺,建立了三維水溫-水動力數(shù)學(xué)模型,針對單井和多井同時(shí)運(yùn)行情況下引水渠道沿程水溫變化過程開展了數(shù)值模擬,并將計(jì)算結(jié)果和原型觀測結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比,保證了模擬結(jié)果的可靠性;通過改變井水流量、溫度,渠道引水流量、溫度以及外界大氣溫度等條件,分別進(jìn)行模擬,其結(jié)果表明:井水注入后渠道混合水溫與井水流量、井水溫度以及渠道引水溫度均成正比,與渠道引水流量則成反比關(guān)系,且混合水溫對渠道引水溫度和井水流量敏感性較高;同時(shí),多井模擬結(jié)果還表明隨著較高溫度井水的加入,每口井不僅影響下游渠道水溫,而且對上游一定距離的渠道水溫也有一定影響;根據(jù)實(shí)際工程運(yùn)行情況,還模擬了渠道水溫為0.1℃時(shí),不同渠道引水流量及大氣溫度下的沿程水溫變化,結(jié)果表明:隨著渠道引水流量增大和大氣溫度降低,融冰井的不凍長度逐漸減小;最后,綜合分析實(shí)際工程的可行性,增加井水注入量或合理布置井群是提高渠道水溫,防止渠道冬季運(yùn)行冰害最直接有效的方法。(3)依據(jù)水流熱平衡理論,推出了不凍長度計(jì)算公式,結(jié)合前人原型實(shí)測資料對本文不凍長度公式進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,保證了不凍長度公式的可靠性;根據(jù)計(jì)算公式對不同水力、熱力、氣候條件下的渠道不凍長度進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,結(jié)果表明:不凍長度與渠道井水注入量、井水溫度、大氣溫度、日太陽輻射量成正比,與風(fēng)速、大氣飽和差、日降雪量成反比;其中渠道井水注入量、大氣溫度、風(fēng)速等對不凍長度影響較為顯著。
[Abstract]:Pumping and melting ice technology is one of the most economical and effective method for hydropower station freezing problem, by injecting high temperature water to improve the canal water temperature, to prevent ice damage, and extraction of underground water in a certain extent can offset the pumping power consumption and increase power generation. This paper takes Xinjiang Manasi River Basin Hongshanzui power station pumping and melting ice water channel as the research object, through prototype observation test, flume experiment, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis method, analyzes the key factors influencing the pumping and melting ice, and the process of pumping and melting ice under the condition of diversion channel temperature change are studied, providing control station diversion channel ice disasters in the scientific basis and technical support for hydropower cold region. (1) the diversion channel of Hongshanzui power station as the prototype observation test was carried out in 7 wells under the condition of ice melting water diversion channels along the water temperature change, found in the pumping and melting ice conditions along the channel are in the temperature between 0.5~2.9 DEG C, and were higher than mixed before the temperature of 0.1~0.3 DEG C, the pumping and melting the ice for canal water warming effect; at the same time through flume experiments on different channels and different water flow and water flow of different injection point position along the channel temperature were carried out in 24 groups of flume experiments, results show that increased significantly in the injection point channel temperature, maximum growth rate and the water temperature can reach 1.6 DEG C; the channel along the water temperature was significantly higher than that of the well mixed before the water temperature and water flow channel, the greater the more obvious of the channel of the warming effect; in addition, three wells are running at the same time, the canal water had a cumulative heating effect, and the canal water warming effect left The surplus has caused excessive waste of heat, so it is very important to arrange the location of water injection point to the actual operation of the project. (2) by pumping and melting ice water channel real parameters as boundary conditions, based on the FLUENT software platform to establish the three-dimensional temperature hydrodynamic mathematical model for single well and multi wells while running along the diversion channel under the condition of water temperature variation process in numerical simulation, and the calculation results and the prototype observation results compared to ensure the reliability of the simulation results; by changing the water flow, temperature, flow rate, temperature and water diversion channels outside air temperature conditions were simulated, the results show that the water channel and water temperature after injection of mixed flow, water temperature and water temperature are proportional to the channel, is inversely proportional to the flow of water diversion channel, and mixed water temperature on the temperature and flow of water diversion channels of high sensitivity; at the same time, multi well simulation results also indicate that with the addition of high temperature wells, each well not only influence The downstream channel temperature, but also have a certain impact on the upstream channel temperature range; according to the actual situation of engineering, is also simulated. The channel temperature is 0.1 degrees centigrade, along the water temperature, different channel flow of water diversion and atmospheric temperature. Results show that with the channel diversion flow increases and atmospheric temperature decreases and the melting ice well don't freeze length decreases gradually; finally, a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility of practical engineering, increase the water injection volume or the reasonable arrangement of wells is to improve the channel temperature, to prevent the ice channel running in winter the most direct and effective way. (3) on the basis of water heat balance theory, introduced the calculating formula for freezing length, combined with the previous field data of the free length formula, to ensure the reliability of the free length formula; according to the calculation formula of different hydraulic and thermal and climatic conditions of the channel does not freeze length were calculated. The results show that don't freeze: length and channel water injection rate, water temperature, air temperature, daily solar radiation is proportional to the wind speed and atmospheric saturation deficit, snowfall is inversely proportional to the channel; water injection rate, air temperature, wind speed is more significant for the length of non freezing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV698.26;TV133

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