本文關(guān)鍵詞：近三十五年中國海岸線變化及其驅(qū)動力因素分析　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 海岸線 資源-過程-響應(yīng)模型 Landsat系列衛(wèi)星 長江口 杭州灣

【摘要】：海岸帶是海洋與陸地相互作用的區(qū)域,擁有豐富的資源與優(yōu)越的區(qū)位條件,但隨著人類活動的加劇,面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。尤其在中國,改革開放以來隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,使得沿海地區(qū)承受著巨大的社會與自然雙重壓力。為了確保對沿海地區(qū)的可持續(xù)開發(fā)利用,對海岸線資源特性的了解以及海岸線變遷過程與特征的研究是很有必要的�；贚andsat遙感影像提取了 1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年、2015年中國大陸海岸線,并結(jié)合海圖與野外調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行精度檢驗。在此基礎(chǔ)上選取長江口-杭州灣河口區(qū)為典型的研究區(qū)域,基于資源-過程-響應(yīng)模型,結(jié)合社會經(jīng)濟與生態(tài)環(huán)境資料,進(jìn)行了海岸線變遷驅(qū)動力因素研究。在此過程中得到如下主要結(jié)論:(1)基于B-L曲線的河海劃界。河口是一個復(fù)雜而獨特的區(qū)域,很難找到一個合適的指標(biāo)體系作為河海劃界參數(shù),但基于B-L曲線(B為河岸寬度,L為沿河流中心線距離原點的長度)的河海劃界能較好的綜合各個指標(biāo),通過簡單操作尋找到河流入海地形節(jié)點。并使用此方法對各類河口進(jìn)行河海劃界,結(jié)果表明:沙壩或堵塞河口其地形節(jié)點處的河流展寬速率在-0.5到0之間;過渡型河口及河道形狀河口其地形節(jié)點處的河流展寬速率在0.5到1.2之間;河口灣型河口的地形節(jié)點處的河流展寬速率在0.6到1.5之間;喇叭狀三角洲型河口,其地形節(jié)點處的河流展寬速率在1.2到4.5之間。應(yīng)用此方法對我國大陸入海河流進(jìn)行河海劃界,并進(jìn)行海岸線長度量算,取得良好效果。.(2)全國岸線變化特征。在近三十五年內(nèi),由于中國大陸海岸線大量開發(fā)為港口碼頭、養(yǎng)殖區(qū)、鹽田與農(nóng)田等,使得海岸線總長度呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)增長趨勢,海岸線的開發(fā)利用強度持續(xù)增加。而海岸線開發(fā)利用強度的空間分異具有,整體北方高于于南方,河口區(qū)域等.易開發(fā)岸段的開發(fā)利用強度,高于山地丘陵區(qū)域,經(jīng)濟發(fā)達(dá)區(qū)域高于經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)較差區(qū)域的特點。由于經(jīng)濟增長帶來的人口集聚,使得人地矛盾更為突出,是我國大陸沿海地區(qū)海岸線變遷最主要的驅(qū)動力因素;而對于天津市、上海市、廣東省、浙江省等地,除了人口驅(qū)動因素外,工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展也是其海岸線變遷重要的影響因素。(3)基于資源-過程-響應(yīng)模型的長江口-杭州灣岸線變化研究。對長江口-杭州灣海岸線進(jìn)行海岸線資源適宜性評價,并以此為依據(jù),進(jìn)行岸線的功能劃分。得出在研究區(qū)域內(nèi)利于建設(shè)港口碼頭岸線長度占比約23.62%,易于生活開發(fā)岸線占比約為19.29%,適宜生態(tài)保護(hù)岸線占比約為17.81%,開發(fā)屬性不明岸線占比約為39.28%。通過岸線的開發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀表明:岸線適宜屬性是海岸線變遷的優(yōu)先選擇,而現(xiàn)階段長江口-杭州灣海岸線資源仍有很大的開發(fā)潛力。上游的來水來沙是長江口-杭州灣海岸線變遷重要的影響因素,當(dāng)上游物質(zhì)來源充足,淤泥質(zhì)潮灘的快速淤漲為圍填�；顒犹峁┝宋镔|(zhì)基礎(chǔ);上游物質(zhì)來源不是十分充足時,圍填�；顒佑兴啪�。人類活動對海岸線變遷的影響表現(xiàn)為:在1980～1990年階段,自然影響因素還較為強烈,人類活動主要為防護(hù)岸線的建設(shè);在1990～2000年階段人類圍填�；顒宇l繁,農(nóng)田與養(yǎng)殖圍墾尤為突出;在2000～2015年階段,人類活動影響極為強烈,其中城市發(fā)展、港口碼頭建設(shè)與圍填�；顒訛樽罨钴S時期。近35年,長江口-杭州灣海岸線變遷特征為:海岸線開發(fā)利用程度的逐步提高,岸線結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)為二元→三元→多元的轉(zhuǎn)換趨勢,海岸線分形數(shù)表現(xiàn)為先增長后減緩趨勢,并與圍填海強度、港口碼頭建設(shè)有較好的歷史同步關(guān)系。長江口-杭州灣海岸線的開發(fā)利用與社會經(jīng)濟因素有著不可分割的聯(lián)系,其開發(fā)利用強度與沿海周邊城市GDP、工業(yè)產(chǎn)值、人口數(shù)量都有著極好的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,其中與區(qū)域內(nèi)的人口數(shù)量的線性相關(guān)性最高為0.98,由此表明巨大的人口壓力是長江口-杭州灣海岸線資源開發(fā)利用的重要驅(qū)動因素。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone is a region of interaction between the ocean and the land. It has abundant resources and favorable location conditions. But with the intensification of human activities, it is facing severe challenges. Especially in China, with the rapid development of economy since the reform and opening up, the coastal areas are under the double pressure of society and nature. In order to ensure the sustainable development and utilization of coastal areas, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of coastline resources and study the process and characteristics of coastline changes. Based on the Landsat remote sensing image, the coastline of mainland China in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 was extracted, and the accuracy was tested with the chart and field survey data. On this basis, the Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay estuary area is selected as a typical research area. Based on the resource process response model, combined with social economic and ecological environment data, the driving force factors of coastline change are studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) in the process of river sea delimitation based on B-L curve. The estuary is a complex and unique area, it is difficult to find a suitable index system for river sea delimitation parameters, but based on the B-L curve (B L along the River riparian width, distance from center line length of the origin) the sea demarcation can integrate different indicators better, find the rivers into the sea terrain nodes through a simple operation. And all kinds of estuarine sea demarcation, using this method the results show that the sand dam or blockage of the terrain at the joint of the river estuary broadening rate between -0.5 to 0; the transitional estuary and the shape of the River Estuary and its terrain nodes in the river width between 0.5 to 1.2 rate; terrain node type estuary river estuary between 0.6 and 1.5 in the rate of stretch; horn shaped delta estuary, the terrain nodes of the river width between 1.2 to 4.5 rate. The application of this method for sea demarcation on the mainland of China and the river into the sea, the coastline length, and achieved good results. (2) the characteristics of the change of the national coastline. In the past thirty-five years, the coastline's total length showed a continuous growth trend due to the massive exploitation of the coastline of China mainland as port and port, breeding area, salt field and farmland, and the intensity of coastline development and utilization continued to increase. The spatial differentiation of coastline development and utilization intensity is higher than that of the South and the estuarine area. The development and utilization intensity of the easy development shore is higher than that of the hilly and hilly area, and the economically developed area is higher than that of the poor economic base area. Because of the economic growth brought about by the concentration of population, the contradiction between people and land is more prominent, is the coastline of the mainland coastal areas the main driving factors of change in China; and for Tianjin City, Shanghai City, Guangdong Province, Zhejiang province and other places, in addition to population driving factors, factors of the rapid development of industry and its coastline change an important influence. (3) study on the change of resource - process - response model of Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Gulf Coast Line Based on. The suitability evaluation of the coastline resources of the Changjiang Estuary - Hangzhou Bay is carried out and the function of the coastline is divided. It is concluded that in the study area, the length of shoreline for port construction is about 23.62%, which is about 19.29% of the life development shoreline and 17.81% of the suitable ecological protection coastline. The proportion of the unknown development line is 39.28%. Through the development and utilization of the coastline, the present situation shows that the suitable property of the coastline is the preferred choice of the coastline change. At the present stage, the resources of the coastline of the Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay still have great potential for development. Upstream runoff and sediment are important factors affecting the coastline change of the Yangtze River Estuary and Hangzhou Bay. When the upstream material sources are sufficient, the rapid deposition of the muddy tidal flat provides material basis for reclamation activities, while the upstream material sources are not enough, the reclamation activities have slowed down. Effect of change of human activities on the coast showed: in 1980 ~ 1990 period, natural factors are relatively strong, human activities mainly for the construction of shoreline protection; in 1990 ~ 2000 stage of human reclamation activities frequently, farmland and farming reclamation is particularly prominent; in 2000 ~ 2015, the impact of human activities is very strong. The city development, port construction and reclamation activities for the most active period. For nearly 35 years, the Yangtze River Estuary and Hangzhou Bay shoreline change characteristics: shoreline development and utilization degree gradually increased to two yuan, showing the structure of shoreline of three yuan, Yuan conversion trend of coastline fractal number was decreased after the first growth, and reclamation of historical construction strength, good synchronization relationship port. The development and utilization of the Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay coastline and social economic factors are inextricably linked, the development and utilization of the coastal city of GDP, and the strength of the surrounding industrial output, the population has a good corresponding relation between the linear correlation, population and area of up to 0.98, which shows the huge population pressure is an important driving factor of Changjiang Estuary and resource utilization in Hangzhou Bay coastline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P737.1;P748

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