在農(nóng)田重金屬污染修復(fù)中,土壤調(diào)理劑（土壤鈍化劑）是控制土壤重金屬污染的有效方法。然而,施用土壤調(diào)理劑對土壤重金屬的形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化、移動性和生物有效性以及施用調(diào)理劑對土壤基本理化性質(zhì)的影響尚缺乏較為系統(tǒng)的研究。本項研究采樣土壤培養(yǎng)試驗和土壤幼苗盆栽試驗,研究了施用三種不同土壤調(diào)理劑,或重金屬鈍化劑（生物炭、鋼渣好含鐵錳礦）的條件下,鎘和鉛復(fù)合污染土壤中,鎘和鉛的形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化、移動性、生物有效性及土壤性質(zhì)的影響,研究結(jié)果對于明確土壤調(diào)理劑的作用機制及指導(dǎo)土壤調(diào)理劑的合理施用具有重要意義。主要結(jié)果總結(jié)如下:1)采樣土壤培養(yǎng)試驗,應(yīng)用BCR連續(xù)浸提法及TCLP、CaCl2和NH4NO3提取法評估了三種土壤調(diào)理劑（生物炭、鋼渣和鐵錳礦）對土壤鉛和鎘的固定效果。BCR連續(xù)浸提法的結(jié)果表明,添加土壤調(diào)理劑后重金屬酸溶部分減少,而Pb和Cd的殘留部分比例隨著鋼渣和生物炭添加量的升高而增加。與鋼渣和鐵錳礦比較,添加生物炭均能夠顯著降低TCLP、NH4NO3和CaCl2的可提取量。在所有方案中,生物炭對鉛和鎘的固定效果最好。三種調(diào)理劑在修復(fù)重金屬復(fù)合污染土壤方面都表現(xiàn)出積極的和長期的效果,值得進行進一步的實地檢測研... 

【文章來源】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：181 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List of Abbreviations
ABSTRACT
摘要
CHAPTER Ⅰ Research background and review of literature
    1.1 Research background
    1.2 Presence of heavy metals in the environment and their health effects
    1.3 Sources of contaminants
        1.3.1 Airborne sources
        1.3.2 Process solid wastes
        1.3.3 Sludges
    1.4 Heavy metals pollution in China
    1.5 Cadmium
        1.5.1 Chemical properties of cadmium
        1.5.2 Isotopes
        1.5.3 Cadmium in China
        1.5.4 Cadmium in soil
        1.5.5 Factor affecting cadmium in soil
        1.5.6 Cadmium in plants
    1.6 Lead
        1.6.1 Chemical properties of lead
        1.6.2 Isotopes
        1.6.3 Lead in China
        1.6.4 Lead in soil
        1.6.5 Factor affecting lead in soil
        1.6.6 Lead in plants
    1.7 Remediation technologies
    1.8 Passivators
        1.8.1 Mechanism of passivators
        1.8.2 Biochar
        1.8.3 Slag
        1.8.4 Ferrous manganese ore
    1.9 Research Gap
    1.10 Specific objectives
Chapter Ⅱ Comparative effects of biochar, slag and ferrous-Mn ore on lead and cadmium immobilization in soil
    1.11 Introduction
    1.12 Materials and methods
        1.12.1 Characterization of red brown soil
        1.12.2 Incubation
        1.12.3 Sequential extraction
        1.12.4 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)
        1.12.5 CaCl_2 single extraction
        1.12.6 Ammonium nitrate
        1.12.7 Statistical analysis
    1.13 Results
        1.13.1 Soil EC and pH
        1.13.2 BCR fractions of lead and cadmium
        1.13.3 TCLP-extractable cadmium and lead
        1.13.4 NH_4NO_3 and CaCl_2-extractable lead and cadmium
    1.14 Discussion
    1.15 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅲ Leaching behaviour of Pb and Cd and transformation of their speciation in co-contaminated soilreceiving different passivators
    1.16 Introduction
    1.17 Materials and methods
        1.17.1 Preparation of soil
        1.17.2 Soil column construction
        1.17.3 Analytical Analysis
    1.18 Results
        1.18.1 Total metals contents of corresponding soil column layers
        1.18.2 pH and EC of corresponding soil column layers
        1.18.3 Fractionation of Pb and Cd of corresponding soil column layers
        1.18.4 CaCl_2 extractable Pb and Cd of corresponding soil column layers
        1.18.5 TCLP extractable Pb and Cd of corresponding soil column layers
        1.18.6 pH of the leachate collected
        1.18.7 Total metal contents of leachate
        1.18.8 Adhesion efficiency of passivators
    1.19 Discussion
    1.20 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅳ Passivators application improving physical, chemical and microbial biomass properties in Pb andCd co-contaminated acidic soils
    1.21 Introduction
    1.22 Materials and methods
        1.22.1 Description of study area
        1.22.2 Characterization of passivators analysis by using SEM, XRD, and FTIRspectroscopy
        1.22.3 Experimental layout
        1.22.4 Laboratory analysis
        1.22.5 Analysis of data
    1.23 Results
        1.23.1 Passivators characteristics
        1.23.2 Passivators changes the Pb and Cd-induced inhibition of soil physical properties
        1.23.3 Passivators changes soil chemical properties under Pb and Cd stress
        1.23.4 Passivators changes soil biological properties under Pb and Cd stress
    1.24 Discussion
    1.25 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅴ Lead and cadmium mobility, uptake and anti-oxidative response of sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)under biochar, slag and ferrous manganese ore as amendments
    1.26 Introduction
    1.27 Materials and methods
        1.27.1 Characterization soil and passivators
        1.27.2 Experimental design, plant sampling and analysis
        1.27.3 Extraction and assay of antioxidant enzymes
        1.27.4 Extraction and assessment of glutathione (GSH) contents
        1.27.5 Assessment of photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein, and proline contents
        1.27.6 Estimation of H_2O_2, MDA and electrolyte leakage
        1.27.7 Analysis of relative expression of genes by using RT-qPCR
        1.27.8 Soil and plant nutrients
        1.27.9 Soil laboratory analysis
        1.27.10 Statistical analysis
    1.28 Results
        1.28.1 Passivators enhances the Pb and Cd-induced inhibition of sesame seedling growthand photosynthesis pigments
        1.28.2 Passivators maintains the membrane integrity by suppressing the H_2O_2, MDAcontent and EL under Pb and Cd stress
        1.28.3 Passivators efficiently downregulate the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant
        1.28.4 Impact of Passivators, Pb and Cd on genes expression
        1.28.5 Effect of passivators on soluble protein and proline content under Pb and Cd stress
        1.28.6 Passivators application improves soil and plant nutrients and suppresses Pb andCd uptake
        1.28.7     pH and EC of soll
        1.28.8 SBET, CaCl_2 and TCLP extractable Pb and Cd of soil
    1.29 Discussion
    1.30 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅵ Conclusions and future directions
    1.31 General conclusions
    1.32 Future perspectives
References
Publications arising from this dissertation


【參考文獻】：
期刊論文
[1]Elemental Composition and Geochemical Characteristics of Iron-Manganese Nodules in Main Soils of China[J]. TAN Wen-Feng, LIU Fan, LI Yong-Hua, HU Hong-Qing and HUANG Qiao-Yun College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 (China). E-mail: tanwf@mail. hzau. edu. cn Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 (China).  Pedosphere. 2006(01)



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