Nutrients and Organic Matter Dynamics in Constructed Wetland
發(fā)布時間：2021-10-31 08:31
過多的營養(yǎng)鹽和有機(jī)物質(zhì)被認(rèn)為是近岸生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的主要污染問題之一,比如工業(yè)、生活、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖、農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物和城市建設(shè)等這些人類的活動是污染物的主要來源,引起了沿海海水質(zhì)量的退化。有時高濃度的污染物可能會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果比如水體的富營養(yǎng)化、缺氧等,由此可能會改變近岸海域的海洋生物地球化學(xué)。如果水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖活動和開發(fā)其他人類活動再進(jìn)一步迅速擴(kuò)張的話,可以引起更多的環(huán)境問題。這些活動產(chǎn)生的營養(yǎng)元素和有機(jī)物質(zhì)通常被認(rèn)為是近海水域的主要的污染來源。因此本論文研究了水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖池塘中的營養(yǎng)狀況和近岸海域水體中的營養(yǎng)元素和有機(jī)物,由這些污染物引發(fā)的關(guān)注促進(jìn)了對有效的環(huán)境管理發(fā)展的技術(shù)需要。如機(jī)械、生物和化學(xué)過濾器等許多技術(shù)的發(fā)展緩解了養(yǎng)殖廢水對環(huán)境的影響,但是由于某種原因這些技術(shù)都不是低成本的,有時需要更多的維護(hù)費用。建造人工濕地和自然生物過濾器,比如貝類和海草,被認(rèn)為是有效的吸收水體中的有機(jī)和無機(jī)物成分的方法。因此,在本工作中采用了人工濕地這樣的一種技術(shù)用于處理池塘的養(yǎng)殖廢水和后者被用來近岸水域的的綜合性的多食性水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖（IMTA）。為了理解這些技術(shù)在降低營養(yǎng)元素中的作用,在上海郊外的人工濕地進(jìn)行了試驗,同時在中國...
【文章來源】：華東師范大學(xué)上海市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：173 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgements
摘要
Abstract
Chapter 1:Introduction
1.1 General background
1.2 Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture and traditional aquaculture
1.3 Environmental impacts of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
1.4 Nutrient removal by constructed wetland
1.5 Literature review
1.6 Hypothesis and objectives
Chapter 2:Materials and Methods
2.1 Description of study areas
2.1.1 The Sanggou Bay
2.1.1.1 Aquaculture practice at Sanggou Bay
2.1.2 Study area at Shanghai and experimental description
2.1.2.1 Culture condition in prawn ponds
2.2 Samples collection and treatment
2.2.1 Samples collection from Sanggou Bay
2.2.1.1 Sample collection for hydrographic parameters
2.2.1.2 Sample treatment of dissolved nutrient
2.2.1.3 Sample treatment for dissolved organic carbon
2.2.2 Sample collection for stable isotopes
2.2.3 Sample collection from constructed wetland
2.3 Sample analysis
2.3.1 Dissolved nutrient analysis
2.3.1.1 Ammonia determination
2.3.1.2 Nitrate and nitrite determination
2.3.1.3 Phosphate determination
2.3.1.4 Silicate determination
2.3.1.5 Procedure
2.3.2 Dissolved organic carbon analysis
2.3.2.1 Laboratory experiment of dissolved organic carbon
2.3.3 Stable isotopes analysis
2.3.4 Sample analysis for constructed wetland
2.4 Nutrient budget
2.5 Quality assurance and quality control
2.6 Statistical analysis
Chapter 3:Use of Constructed Wetland to Treat Aquaculture Wastewater of Grow-outPonds
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Pollutants removal and concentration
3.2.2 Nutrient concentrations in ponds
3.3. Discussion
3.3.1 Pollutants removal in constructed wetland
3.3.2 Constructed wetland performance
3.3.3 Comparisons among the ponds
3.4 Summary
Chapter 4:Seasonal Nutrient Chemistry in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA) System
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Surface hydrology
4.2.2 Spatial distribution of nutrients
4.2.3 Vertical distribution of nutrients in aquaculture areas
4.2.4 Riverine nutrients
4.3 Discussion
4.3.1 Seasonal hydrology
4.3.2 Seasonal distribution of nutrients
4.3.3 Nutrient dynamics in culture areas
4.3.4 Nutrient limitations
4.3.5 Mass balance
4.4 Summary
Chapter 5:Carbon, Nitrogen Flow and Trophic Relationship in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) System
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Results
5.2.1 Hydrographic parameters
5.2.2 Stable isotopes analysis of biological samples
5.2.3 Stable isotopes analysis of suspended and sedimentary organic matters in cultureareas
5.3 Discussion
5.3.1 lsotopic composition in aquaculture areas
5.3.2 Sources of suspended and sedimentary organic matter across the bay
5.4 Summary
Chapter 6:Seasonal Variations of Dissolved Organic Carbon in IntegratedAquaculture System
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Surface distribution of salinity and chlorophyll-α
6.2.2 Surface distribution of dissolved organic carbon
6.2.3 Vertical distribution of dissolved organic carbon
6.2.4 Experimental analysis
6.3 Discussion
6.3.1 Fate of dissolved organic carbon at surface layer
6.3.2 Dissolved organic carbon at bottom layers
6.3.3 Removal of dissolved organic carbon from the bay
6.4 Summary
Chapter 7:History and Future Development of Shrimp Farming in Pakistan
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Coastal areas of Pakistan
7.3 Importance of F. merguiensis for Aquaculture
7.4 Exotic species in aquaculture 103
7.5 Economics culture systems of shrimp farming
7.6 Brief history of shrimp farming in Pakistan
7.7 Learning from experience of other countries
7.8 Opportunities and future of shrimp farming
7.9 Summary
7.10 Recommendations
Chapter 8:Overall Conclusions and Synthesis
8.1 Justification and organization of work
8.2 Important findings
8.3 Main conclusions and recommendations
8.4 Global view and synthesis of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture and case study ofSanggou Bay
8.5 Implications for future research
References
List of Publications from Thesis
【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]人工濕地聯(lián)合塘內(nèi)設(shè)施調(diào)控生產(chǎn)性蝦塘水環(huán)境的效果與技術(shù)[J]. 臧維玲,張煜,戴習(xí)林,劉永士,楊明,侯文杰,丁福江. 水產(chǎn)學(xué)報. 2012(04)
[2]桑溝灣養(yǎng)殖海域營養(yǎng)鹽和沉積物-水界面擴(kuò)散通量研究[J]. 孫珊,劉素美,任景玲,張繼紅,蔣增杰. 海洋學(xué)報(中文版). 2010(06)
[3]桑溝灣總?cè)芙鈶B(tài)無機(jī)砷的分布與季節(jié)變化[J]. 閆哲,任景玲,劉素美,張繼紅,張經(jīng). 海洋環(huán)境科學(xué). 2008(05)
[4]桑溝灣沉積物重金屬含量分布及潛在生態(tài)危害評價[J]. 蔣增杰,方建光,張繼紅,毛玉澤,王巍. 農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報. 2008(01)
[5]規(guī)�；瘻\海養(yǎng)殖水域沉積作用的初步研究[J]. 蔡立勝,方建光,梁興明. 中國水產(chǎn)科學(xué). 2003(04)
[6]人工濕地及其在我國小城市污水處理中的應(yīng)用[J]. 宋志文,畢學(xué)軍,曹軍. 生態(tài)學(xué)雜志. 2003(03)
[7]THE N/P RATIO IN THE NORTHERN SOUTH YELLOW SEA IN AUTUMN[J]. 林榮根,吳景陽,馬麗. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 2002(04)
[8]COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON NITROGEN BUDGETS OF CLOSED SHRIMP POLYCULTURE SYSTEMS[J]. 齊振雄,李德尚,張曼平,董雙林. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 2001(03)
[9]桑溝灣增養(yǎng)殖水文環(huán)境研究[J]. 趙俊,周詩賚,孫耀,方建光. 海洋水產(chǎn)研究. 1996(02)
[10]桑溝灣養(yǎng)殖海域無機(jī)氮營養(yǎng)鹽的分布與行為[J]. 孫耀,宋云利,崔毅,方建光. 海洋水產(chǎn)研究. 1996(02)
本文編號：3467804
【文章來源】：華東師范大學(xué)上海市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：173 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgements
摘要
Abstract
Chapter 1:Introduction
1.1 General background
1.2 Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture and traditional aquaculture
1.3 Environmental impacts of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
1.4 Nutrient removal by constructed wetland
1.5 Literature review
1.6 Hypothesis and objectives
Chapter 2:Materials and Methods
2.1 Description of study areas
2.1.1 The Sanggou Bay
2.1.1.1 Aquaculture practice at Sanggou Bay
2.1.2 Study area at Shanghai and experimental description
2.1.2.1 Culture condition in prawn ponds
2.2 Samples collection and treatment
2.2.1 Samples collection from Sanggou Bay
2.2.1.1 Sample collection for hydrographic parameters
2.2.1.2 Sample treatment of dissolved nutrient
2.2.1.3 Sample treatment for dissolved organic carbon
2.2.2 Sample collection for stable isotopes
2.2.3 Sample collection from constructed wetland
2.3 Sample analysis
2.3.1 Dissolved nutrient analysis
2.3.1.1 Ammonia determination
2.3.1.2 Nitrate and nitrite determination
2.3.1.3 Phosphate determination
2.3.1.4 Silicate determination
2.3.1.5 Procedure
2.3.2 Dissolved organic carbon analysis
2.3.2.1 Laboratory experiment of dissolved organic carbon
2.3.3 Stable isotopes analysis
2.3.4 Sample analysis for constructed wetland
2.4 Nutrient budget
2.5 Quality assurance and quality control
2.6 Statistical analysis
Chapter 3:Use of Constructed Wetland to Treat Aquaculture Wastewater of Grow-outPonds
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Pollutants removal and concentration
3.2.2 Nutrient concentrations in ponds
3.3. Discussion
3.3.1 Pollutants removal in constructed wetland
3.3.2 Constructed wetland performance
3.3.3 Comparisons among the ponds
3.4 Summary
Chapter 4:Seasonal Nutrient Chemistry in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA) System
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Surface hydrology
4.2.2 Spatial distribution of nutrients
4.2.3 Vertical distribution of nutrients in aquaculture areas
4.2.4 Riverine nutrients
4.3 Discussion
4.3.1 Seasonal hydrology
4.3.2 Seasonal distribution of nutrients
4.3.3 Nutrient dynamics in culture areas
4.3.4 Nutrient limitations
4.3.5 Mass balance
4.4 Summary
Chapter 5:Carbon, Nitrogen Flow and Trophic Relationship in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) System
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Results
5.2.1 Hydrographic parameters
5.2.2 Stable isotopes analysis of biological samples
5.2.3 Stable isotopes analysis of suspended and sedimentary organic matters in cultureareas
5.3 Discussion
5.3.1 lsotopic composition in aquaculture areas
5.3.2 Sources of suspended and sedimentary organic matter across the bay
5.4 Summary
Chapter 6:Seasonal Variations of Dissolved Organic Carbon in IntegratedAquaculture System
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Surface distribution of salinity and chlorophyll-α
6.2.2 Surface distribution of dissolved organic carbon
6.2.3 Vertical distribution of dissolved organic carbon
6.2.4 Experimental analysis
6.3 Discussion
6.3.1 Fate of dissolved organic carbon at surface layer
6.3.2 Dissolved organic carbon at bottom layers
6.3.3 Removal of dissolved organic carbon from the bay
6.4 Summary
Chapter 7:History and Future Development of Shrimp Farming in Pakistan
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Coastal areas of Pakistan
7.3 Importance of F. merguiensis for Aquaculture
7.4 Exotic species in aquaculture 103
7.5 Economics culture systems of shrimp farming
7.6 Brief history of shrimp farming in Pakistan
7.7 Learning from experience of other countries
7.8 Opportunities and future of shrimp farming
7.9 Summary
7.10 Recommendations
Chapter 8:Overall Conclusions and Synthesis
8.1 Justification and organization of work
8.2 Important findings
8.3 Main conclusions and recommendations
8.4 Global view and synthesis of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture and case study ofSanggou Bay
8.5 Implications for future research
References
List of Publications from Thesis
【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]人工濕地聯(lián)合塘內(nèi)設(shè)施調(diào)控生產(chǎn)性蝦塘水環(huán)境的效果與技術(shù)[J]. 臧維玲,張煜,戴習(xí)林,劉永士,楊明,侯文杰,丁福江. 水產(chǎn)學(xué)報. 2012(04)
[2]桑溝灣養(yǎng)殖海域營養(yǎng)鹽和沉積物-水界面擴(kuò)散通量研究[J]. 孫珊,劉素美,任景玲,張繼紅,蔣增杰. 海洋學(xué)報(中文版). 2010(06)
[3]桑溝灣總?cè)芙鈶B(tài)無機(jī)砷的分布與季節(jié)變化[J]. 閆哲,任景玲,劉素美,張繼紅,張經(jīng). 海洋環(huán)境科學(xué). 2008(05)
[4]桑溝灣沉積物重金屬含量分布及潛在生態(tài)危害評價[J]. 蔣增杰,方建光,張繼紅,毛玉澤,王巍. 農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報. 2008(01)
[5]規(guī)�；瘻\海養(yǎng)殖水域沉積作用的初步研究[J]. 蔡立勝,方建光,梁興明. 中國水產(chǎn)科學(xué). 2003(04)
[6]人工濕地及其在我國小城市污水處理中的應(yīng)用[J]. 宋志文,畢學(xué)軍,曹軍. 生態(tài)學(xué)雜志. 2003(03)
[7]THE N/P RATIO IN THE NORTHERN SOUTH YELLOW SEA IN AUTUMN[J]. 林榮根,吳景陽,馬麗. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 2002(04)
[8]COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON NITROGEN BUDGETS OF CLOSED SHRIMP POLYCULTURE SYSTEMS[J]. 齊振雄,李德尚,張曼平,董雙林. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 2001(03)
[9]桑溝灣增養(yǎng)殖水文環(huán)境研究[J]. 趙俊,周詩賚,孫耀,方建光. 海洋水產(chǎn)研究. 1996(02)
[10]桑溝灣養(yǎng)殖海域無機(jī)氮營養(yǎng)鹽的分布與行為[J]. 孫耀,宋云利,崔毅,方建光. 海洋水產(chǎn)研究. 1996(02)
本文編號：3467804
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