近年來,抗生素和抗性基因作為新興污染物,由于其潛在的生態(tài)毒理效應及對公共健康影響,已然成為了新的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)。過去十年間,低收入和中等收入國家抗生素的消費量逐年遞增。然而,在發(fā)展中國家,尤其是撒哈拉以南地區(qū),針對環(huán)境中抗生素及其抗性基因的污染現(xiàn)狀還未得到充分的研究。在埃塞俄比亞,抗生素的濫用和誤用,不完善的藥物管理機制以及廢物處理機制的缺乏等因素都有可能促成抗生素的耐藥性。因此,對該區(qū)域進行更多的調查研究、幫助人們充分了解抗生素和抗性基因的分布情況顯得十分必要。本研究以埃塞俄比亞阿瓦什河流域沉積物和農(nóng)田土壤為研究對象,通過固相萃�。⊿PE）方法從樣品中提取目標抗生素,并采用高效液相串聯(lián)質譜法（LC/MS/MS）對各樣點中4種四環(huán)素類抗生素（TC、OTC、DC、CTC）,4種磺胺類抗生素（SN、SME、SMX、SDZ）及4種氟喹諾酮（OFL、CIP、ENR、NOR）進行測定,并通過實時熒光定量技術（qPCR）對相應的抗性基因及1種整合子基因（intI1）的相對豐度進行了檢測,此外,對抗生素、抗生素抗性基因與環(huán)境因素之間的潛在聯(lián)系進行了評估。沉積物樣品分析結果表明,在12種抗生素中,磺胺嘧啶和... 

【文章來源】：中國科學院大學(中國科學院武漢植物園)湖北省

【文章頁數(shù)】：105 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 General introduction
    1.1 Pharmaceuticals in the environment
    1.2 Brief history of antibiotics
    1.3 Occurrence of antibiotics in the environment
    1.4 Environmental fate of antibiotics
    1.5 Antibiotic resistant in the environment
    1.6 Ecotoxicology of antibiotics
    1.7 Antibiotics and Antibiotic resistance in developing countries
    1.8 Objectives of the thesis
    1.9 Outline of the thesis
Chapter 2 Occurrence and distribution of selected antibiotics and theircorresponding resistance genes in sediments of Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and Methods
        2.2.1 Study area and sample collection
        2.2.2 Chemical and standards
        2.2.3 Physicochemical parameters
        2.2.4 Sample extraction and Antibiotic analysis
        2.2.5 DNA extraction and ARG detection
        2.2.6 Real-Time quantitative PCR (qPCR)
        2.2.7 Data aialysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Occurrence and concentration of antibiotics
        2.3.2 Spatial distribution of antibiotics in sediments
        2.3.3 Occurrence of ARGs
        2.3.4 Quantification ofARGs
        2.3.5 Correlations among antibiotics, ARGs and environmental variables
    2.4 Discussion
    2.5 Conclusion
Chapter 3 Tetracyclines, quinolones and sulfonamides and theircorresponding resistance genes in agricultural soils from Central Ethiopia
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials aid Methods
        3.2.1 Chemicals and standards
        3.2.2 Study area and sample collection
        3.2.3 Physicochemical parameters
        3.2.4 Antibiotic analysis
        3.2.5 DNA extraction and ARG detection
        3.2.6 Real-Time qPCR
        3.2.7 Data analysis
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Antibiotics concentrations
        3.3.2 Spatial distribution of antibiotics in soil
        3.3.3 Occurrence of ARGs
        3.3.4 Correlations between antibiotics,ARGs and environmental variables in thesoil samples
    3.4 Discussion
        3.4.1 Profiles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant gene
        3.4.2 Relationship between environmental variables,antibiotics residues andARGs
        3.4.3 Potential ecological risk of antibiotics in the soils
    3.5 Conclusion
Chapter 4 Summary of the research findings and future directions
References
Appendices
Acknowledgement
Student Profile and Publications



本文編號：3283990