樂(lè)安河洪泛區(qū)重金屬在水稻作物中分布特征及評(píng)價(jià)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-14 17:43
【摘要】：耕地受到重金屬污染后,在其基礎(chǔ)上生長(zhǎng)的作物的品質(zhì)會(huì)受到重金屬污染的直接影響。人體食用受到污染的作物后,將對(duì)人體健康造成較大的危害。為闡明樂(lè)安河洪泛區(qū)典型監(jiān)測(cè)單元水稻土在污染河水灌溉影響下的重金屬分布特征、評(píng)價(jià)耕地土壤和稻谷重金屬污染程度、闡述水稻對(duì)土壤重金屬元素的吸收、積累的時(shí)空變化規(guī)律以及水稻對(duì)重金屬?gòu)?fù)合脅迫的標(biāo)志物響應(yīng)規(guī)律。本文根據(jù)野外實(shí)際條件,選擇在不同時(shí)空條件下(水稻3個(gè)主要的生長(zhǎng)期和樂(lè)安河洪泛區(qū)11個(gè)典型監(jiān)測(cè)單元)布設(shè)21個(gè)樣點(diǎn),分別采集土壤樣品和水稻樣品,在實(shí)驗(yàn)分析和運(yùn)用指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上得出以下主要結(jié)論:采用電熱板消解法提取土壤中重金屬元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As,并通過(guò)ICP-MS檢測(cè)出各個(gè)樣品中的重金屬總量值。根據(jù)測(cè)定數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn),以江西土壤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值作為背景值的前提下,以上六種重金屬含量的平均值都超出了背景標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)用地重金屬二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為背景值的前提下,As、Cu、Cd平均值超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Cr、Zn、Pb的平均值未超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),表明As、Cu、Cd污染程度較嚴(yán)重。運(yùn)用Arcgis軟件地統(tǒng)計(jì)法中的空間插值法分析了以上6種重金屬元素總量值在具體各樣點(diǎn)處的空間分布特征。發(fā)現(xiàn)從村落監(jiān)測(cè)單元來(lái)看所有元素高值區(qū)主要分布在m:口、蘭坑和尚濂,從分區(qū)來(lái)看,B區(qū)和D區(qū)的的6種重金屬元素濃度都比A、C兩區(qū)的濃度高,而在用水庫(kù)水灌溉的樣點(diǎn)CK處含量接近江西土壤背景值,表明污水灌溉對(duì)土壤重金屬污染影響顯著。通過(guò)聚類分析法得出6種元素的來(lái)源相對(duì)較單一,主要來(lái)源于用于灌溉的污染河水,所有樣點(diǎn)歸為四大類,與重金屬空間分布特征相呼應(yīng)。在土壤重金屬總量分析的基礎(chǔ)上,采用單因子和綜合污染指數(shù)法、污染負(fù)荷指數(shù)法和潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)法對(duì)耕地土壤重金屬污染程度進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),發(fā)現(xiàn)整個(gè)區(qū)域的污染程度為重度污染,主要污染元素為Cd、Cu和As。通過(guò)綜合潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)計(jì)算出各分區(qū)的RI值,結(jié)果表明D區(qū)屬于很強(qiáng)度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度,A區(qū)和B區(qū)屬于強(qiáng)度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度,僅C區(qū)屬于輕度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度。在對(duì)水稻不同生長(zhǎng)期以及不同生長(zhǎng)部位6種重金屬含量測(cè)定的基礎(chǔ)上,側(cè)重對(duì)主要污染元素Cd、Cu、As在水稻主要生長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)和在不同生長(zhǎng)部位中的時(shí)空分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果表明水稻葉片和莖中以上三種元素含量隨生長(zhǎng)期推進(jìn)呈現(xiàn)“先降低后升高”的趨勢(shì),最高出現(xiàn)在分蘗期。從高、中、低三種濃度水平來(lái)看,重金屬含量隨濃度升高而增長(zhǎng),即高值中值CK。與前面分析的耕地土壤重金屬含量做相關(guān)性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)水稻生長(zhǎng)部位中的重金屬含量大小與土壤重金屬含量大小成正相關(guān)關(guān)系。水稻各生長(zhǎng)部位重金屬富集系數(shù)平均值,ZnCdCuCrPbAs,說(shuō)明Zn、Cd兩元素較其它元素更易在水稻稻谷中富集。運(yùn)用單因子污染指數(shù)法和重金屬危害總指數(shù)HI對(duì)稻谷的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。各元素單因子指數(shù)法的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,六種元素在一半以上的研究區(qū)域樣點(diǎn)處均超標(biāo),污染程度排序?yàn)锳sPbCrCuCdZn。健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,所有樣點(diǎn)的稻谷均對(duì)食用者存在較大健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn),其中m:口、蘭坑、尚濂村落的樣點(diǎn)處稻谷在食用后甚至存在慢性毒性,分區(qū)的總危商系數(shù)HI的大小排序?yàn)镈區(qū)B區(qū)A區(qū)C區(qū)。通過(guò)圖表分析表明,在低水平的重金屬脅迫條件下,水稻葉片葉綠素的含量因低劑量刺激效果而升高,也表明水稻葉片的光合性能增加。但超過(guò)一定閥值后,會(huì)對(duì)葉片葉綠素的含量降低。從生長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看,水稻葉片葉綠素含量總體呈現(xiàn)“先上升后下降”的趨勢(shì),平均值大小排序?yàn)槌樗肫诔墒炱诜痔Y期。對(duì)葉綠素含量和重金屬相關(guān)關(guān)系分析表明,水稻葉片中的葉綠素含量與土壤中的六種重金屬元素含量均呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。通過(guò)對(duì)各樣點(diǎn)處成熟期水稻根部和葉片中的SOD、POD、CAT、GSH和MDA五種標(biāo)志物的測(cè)定,結(jié)果顯示,SOD、POD、CAT、GSH含量隨樣點(diǎn)處重金屬含量的升高,呈現(xiàn)“先上升后下降”的趨勢(shì),不同酶含量變化的臨界值不同。氧化代謝產(chǎn)物(MDA)的變化趨勢(shì)則相反,呈現(xiàn)“先下降后上升”的趨勢(shì)。通過(guò)運(yùn)用綜合生物標(biāo)志物響應(yīng)指數(shù)法對(duì)各標(biāo)志物響應(yīng)重金屬污染壓力的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),4個(gè)區(qū)的IBR值高到低排序是:D區(qū)B區(qū)A區(qū)C區(qū),其中C區(qū)屬于清潔區(qū)域;A區(qū)的重金屬污染壓力較大;D區(qū)和B區(qū)屬于四個(gè)區(qū)域中污染最重的兩個(gè)區(qū)域。綜合葉綠素和以上幾種酶含量的響應(yīng)結(jié)果表明,研究區(qū)域重金屬污染對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)生了明顯的生理脅迫風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:When the cultivated land is polluted by heavy metals, the quality of the crops grown on the ground can be directly affected by heavy metal pollution. When the human body is eaten by the polluted crops, the human body health can be greatly affected. in ord to clarify that characteristic of heavy metal distribution of the typical monitor unit in the flood area of the Le 'an River, the soil and the heavy metal pollution degree of the paddy soil under the influence of the irrigation of the polluted river water are evaluated, and the absorption of the heavy metal elements of the soil on the soil is explained, The change of time and space and the response of rice to the heavy metal complex stress were studied. According to the actual conditions of the field,21 sample points were selected under different time and space conditions (three main growing periods of rice and 11 typical monitoring units in the flood area of the Le 'an River) to collect soil samples and rice samples, respectively. The following main conclusions are drawn on the basis of the experimental analysis and the evaluation of the application index: the heavy metal elements Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and As in the soil are extracted by an electric heating plate digestion method, and the total amount of the heavy metal in each sample is detected by the ICP-MS. According to the measurement data, the average value of the above six heavy metal contents exceeds the background standard under the premise that the standard value of the soil of Jiangxi is used as the background value, and the average value of As, Cu and Cd is more than the standard, Cr and Zn in the premise of the secondary standard of the heavy metal of the national agricultural land as the background value, The average value of Pb is not more than that of the standard, indicating that As, Cu and Cd are more polluted. The spatial distribution of the total value of the above six heavy metal elements at various points is analyzed by using the space interpolation method in the Arcgis software geostatistical method. It is found that from the village monitoring unit, the high-value area of all elements is mainly distributed in m: kou, Lankeng Monk, and the concentration of 6 heavy metal elements in the B and D regions is higher than that of the A and C regions, The content of CK is close to the background of the soil in Jiangxi, which indicates that the effect of the sewage irrigation on the heavy metal pollution in the soil is significant. The results of cluster analysis show that the source of the six elements is relatively single, mainly from the polluted river water used for irrigation, and all the samples are classified into four categories, which are in concert with the distribution of heavy metal space. On the basis of the analysis of the total amount of heavy metal in the soil, the pollution degree of the heavy metal in the cultivated land was evaluated by a single factor and a comprehensive pollution index method, a pollution load index method and a potential ecological risk index method, and the pollution degree of the whole area was found to be severe pollution, and the main pollution element was Cd, Cu and As. The RI value of each partition is calculated by the comprehensive potential ecological risk index. The result shows that the D region belongs to the intensity risk level, and the A and B regions belong to the degree of intensity risk, and only the C region belongs to the mild degree of risk. The spatial and temporal distribution of the main pollution elements Cd, Cu and As in the main growth period of rice and the different growth sites was analyzed on the basis of the determination of the content of the heavy metals in different growing periods and different growth parts of the rice. The results showed that the three elements in the leaf and the stem of the rice had the tendency of presenting the "first decrease and then raise" with the growing period, and the highest appeared in the sub-stage. In that high, middle and low concentration level, the heavy metal content increase with the increase of the concentration, i. e. the median value of the high value CK. It was found that the heavy metal content in the growth part of the rice was positively related to the heavy metal content in the soil. The average value of heavy metal enrichment factor, ZnCdCuCrPbAs in each growing part of rice, indicates that the two elements of Zn and Cd are more likely to be enriched in rice paddy. The health risk of rice was evaluated by the single factor pollution index method and the heavy metal hazard total index (HI). The results of the single-factor index method of each element show that the six elements are in excess of the standard and the degree of pollution is AsPbCrCuCdZn. The results of health risk assessment showed that the rice of all the spots had a great health risk to the food, among which, the rice in the spot of the village of m: the mouth, the Lankeng and the other villages had chronic toxicity even after the consumption, and the size of the total risk quotient of the partition was ranked as the C area of the area A in the area B of the D area. The results of the graph show that the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of the rice leaves increased due to the low-dose stimulation in the low-level heavy metal stress condition, and the photosynthetic performance of the rice leaves was also increased. But after a certain threshold, the content of the chlorophyll in the leaves is reduced. In the growing period, the content of the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the rice leaves in general shows the trend of the "first rise and fall", and the average value of the average value is sorted into the maturity stage of the mature period of the heading stage. The relationship between the content of chlorophyll and heavy metals showed that the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of rice was negatively correlated with the contents of six heavy metal elements in the soil. The results showed that the contents of SOD, POD, CAT, GSH and MDA in the root and leaf of rice at various points were determined by five markers. The results showed that the contents of SOD, POD, CAT and GSH increased with the content of heavy metal at the sample point, and the trend of the "first rise and fall" and the critical value of the change of the content of different enzymes were different. The trend of the oxidative metabolism product (MDA) is the opposite, and the trend of the "first decrease and then rise" is presented. By using the comprehensive biomarker response index method, it is found that the high-to-low ranking of the IBR value in the four zones is: Zone A, Zone A, Zone B, Zone B, where the C zone belongs to the clean area, and the heavy metal pollution pressure in Zone A is greater; The D and B areas are the two most heavily polluted areas in the four areas. The results of the response of the total chlorophyll and the above-mentioned enzyme contents show that the heavy metal pollution in the study area has a clear physiological stress risk to the rice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X173
[Abstract]:When the cultivated land is polluted by heavy metals, the quality of the crops grown on the ground can be directly affected by heavy metal pollution. When the human body is eaten by the polluted crops, the human body health can be greatly affected. in ord to clarify that characteristic of heavy metal distribution of the typical monitor unit in the flood area of the Le 'an River, the soil and the heavy metal pollution degree of the paddy soil under the influence of the irrigation of the polluted river water are evaluated, and the absorption of the heavy metal elements of the soil on the soil is explained, The change of time and space and the response of rice to the heavy metal complex stress were studied. According to the actual conditions of the field,21 sample points were selected under different time and space conditions (three main growing periods of rice and 11 typical monitoring units in the flood area of the Le 'an River) to collect soil samples and rice samples, respectively. The following main conclusions are drawn on the basis of the experimental analysis and the evaluation of the application index: the heavy metal elements Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and As in the soil are extracted by an electric heating plate digestion method, and the total amount of the heavy metal in each sample is detected by the ICP-MS. According to the measurement data, the average value of the above six heavy metal contents exceeds the background standard under the premise that the standard value of the soil of Jiangxi is used as the background value, and the average value of As, Cu and Cd is more than the standard, Cr and Zn in the premise of the secondary standard of the heavy metal of the national agricultural land as the background value, The average value of Pb is not more than that of the standard, indicating that As, Cu and Cd are more polluted. The spatial distribution of the total value of the above six heavy metal elements at various points is analyzed by using the space interpolation method in the Arcgis software geostatistical method. It is found that from the village monitoring unit, the high-value area of all elements is mainly distributed in m: kou, Lankeng Monk, and the concentration of 6 heavy metal elements in the B and D regions is higher than that of the A and C regions, The content of CK is close to the background of the soil in Jiangxi, which indicates that the effect of the sewage irrigation on the heavy metal pollution in the soil is significant. The results of cluster analysis show that the source of the six elements is relatively single, mainly from the polluted river water used for irrigation, and all the samples are classified into four categories, which are in concert with the distribution of heavy metal space. On the basis of the analysis of the total amount of heavy metal in the soil, the pollution degree of the heavy metal in the cultivated land was evaluated by a single factor and a comprehensive pollution index method, a pollution load index method and a potential ecological risk index method, and the pollution degree of the whole area was found to be severe pollution, and the main pollution element was Cd, Cu and As. The RI value of each partition is calculated by the comprehensive potential ecological risk index. The result shows that the D region belongs to the intensity risk level, and the A and B regions belong to the degree of intensity risk, and only the C region belongs to the mild degree of risk. The spatial and temporal distribution of the main pollution elements Cd, Cu and As in the main growth period of rice and the different growth sites was analyzed on the basis of the determination of the content of the heavy metals in different growing periods and different growth parts of the rice. The results showed that the three elements in the leaf and the stem of the rice had the tendency of presenting the "first decrease and then raise" with the growing period, and the highest appeared in the sub-stage. In that high, middle and low concentration level, the heavy metal content increase with the increase of the concentration, i. e. the median value of the high value CK. It was found that the heavy metal content in the growth part of the rice was positively related to the heavy metal content in the soil. The average value of heavy metal enrichment factor, ZnCdCuCrPbAs in each growing part of rice, indicates that the two elements of Zn and Cd are more likely to be enriched in rice paddy. The health risk of rice was evaluated by the single factor pollution index method and the heavy metal hazard total index (HI). The results of the single-factor index method of each element show that the six elements are in excess of the standard and the degree of pollution is AsPbCrCuCdZn. The results of health risk assessment showed that the rice of all the spots had a great health risk to the food, among which, the rice in the spot of the village of m: the mouth, the Lankeng and the other villages had chronic toxicity even after the consumption, and the size of the total risk quotient of the partition was ranked as the C area of the area A in the area B of the D area. The results of the graph show that the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of the rice leaves increased due to the low-dose stimulation in the low-level heavy metal stress condition, and the photosynthetic performance of the rice leaves was also increased. But after a certain threshold, the content of the chlorophyll in the leaves is reduced. In the growing period, the content of the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the rice leaves in general shows the trend of the "first rise and fall", and the average value of the average value is sorted into the maturity stage of the mature period of the heading stage. The relationship between the content of chlorophyll and heavy metals showed that the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of rice was negatively correlated with the contents of six heavy metal elements in the soil. The results showed that the contents of SOD, POD, CAT, GSH and MDA in the root and leaf of rice at various points were determined by five markers. The results showed that the contents of SOD, POD, CAT and GSH increased with the content of heavy metal at the sample point, and the trend of the "first rise and fall" and the critical value of the change of the content of different enzymes were different. The trend of the oxidative metabolism product (MDA) is the opposite, and the trend of the "first decrease and then rise" is presented. By using the comprehensive biomarker response index method, it is found that the high-to-low ranking of the IBR value in the four zones is: Zone A, Zone A, Zone B, Zone B, where the C zone belongs to the clean area, and the heavy metal pollution pressure in Zone A is greater; The D and B areas are the two most heavily polluted areas in the four areas. The results of the response of the total chlorophyll and the above-mentioned enzyme contents show that the heavy metal pollution in the study area has a clear physiological stress risk to the rice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X173
【相似文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 Гармаш Г.А.;楊書潤(rùn);;蔬菜與土壤中的重金屬[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與發(fā)展;1986年01期
2 靜亭;;無(wú)處不在的重金屬[J];今日民航;2012年06期
3 李俊莉,宋華明;土壤理化性質(zhì)對(duì)重金屬行為的影響分析[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)動(dòng)態(tài);2003年01期
4 范昆侖,范先祿;重金屬元素對(duì)重慶近郊作物污染狀況調(diào)查[J];重慶工商大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2004年06期
5 阮心玲;張甘霖;趙玉國(guó);袁大剛;吳運(yùn)金;;基于高密度采樣的土壤重金屬分布特征及遷移速率[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2006年05期
6 胡貴林;;重金屬對(duì)水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物的影響研究概述[J];畜牧獸醫(yī)科技信息;2007年09期
7 秦勝;;煤礦矸石山周圍土壤中重金屬分布研究[J];中國(guó)煤炭;2008年03期
8 王陸軍;朱恩平;;秦嶺鉛鋅礦冶煉廠區(qū)周邊土壤重金屬分布特征研究[J];寶雞文理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2008年02期
9 廖啟林;華明;金洋;黃順生;朱伯萬(wàn);翁志華;潘永敏;;江蘇省土壤重金屬分布特征與污染源初步研究[J];中國(guó)地質(zhì);2009年05期
10 董霽紅;卞正富;于敏;狄春雷;;礦區(qū)充填復(fù)墾土壤重金屬分布特征研究[J];中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2010年03期
相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條
1 王元仲;李冬梅;高云鳳;;河北省優(yōu)勢(shì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品-小麥、玉米產(chǎn)區(qū)土壤重金屬分布研究[A];首屆全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2005年
2 張?chǎng)?周濤發(fā);殷漢琴;楊西飛;;銅陵礦區(qū)水系沉積物中重金屬分布特征[A];全國(guó)環(huán)境生態(tài)地球化學(xué)調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)論文摘要集[C];2006年
3 竇磊;馬瑾;周永章;付善明;;鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)密集區(qū)土壤-蔬菜系統(tǒng)重金屬分布特性分析——以廣東東莞為例[A];中國(guó)礦物巖石地球化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)第11屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2007年
4 魏榮菲;莊舜堯;楊浩;戎靜;王小雷;;蘇州河網(wǎng)區(qū)河道沉積物重金屬的污染特征[A];土壤資源持續(xù)利用和生態(tài)環(huán)境安全——中國(guó)土壤學(xué)會(huì)第十一屆二次理事擴(kuò)大會(huì)議暨學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文集[C];2009年
5 陳亮;李團(tuán)結(jié);;珠江口及粵西海區(qū)表層沉積物重金屬分布特征[A];熱帶海洋科學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)暨第八屆廣東海洋湖沼學(xué)會(huì)、第七屆廣東海洋學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)員代表大會(huì)論文及摘要匯編[C];2013年
6 陳偉;張小輝;祁士華;宋國(guó)強(qiáng);邢新麗;譚凌智;馬先鋒;李愛(ài)民;;湖北省大冶市東、西港河河水中重金屬分布特征[A];第六屆全國(guó)環(huán)境化學(xué)大會(huì)暨環(huán)境科學(xué)儀器與分析儀器展覽會(huì)摘要集[C];2011年
7 谷蕾;;連霍高速不同運(yùn)營(yíng)路段路旁土壤重金屬分布及潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)[A];地理學(xué)核心問(wèn)題與主線——中國(guó)地理學(xué)會(huì)2011年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)暨中國(guó)科學(xué)院新疆生態(tài)與地理研究所建所五十年慶典論文摘要集[C];2011年
8 李永進(jìn);湯玉喜;唐潔;吳敏;;洞庭湖退田還湖灘地土壤重金屬分布與潛在的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)[A];第二屆中國(guó)林業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)大會(huì)——S4 人工林培育理論與技術(shù)論文集[C];2009年
9 WANG Yingfei;GAO Jianhua;;鴨綠江河口西岸潮間帶沉積物中重金屬分布的影響因素分析[A];中國(guó)海洋湖沼學(xué)會(huì)第十次全國(guó)會(huì)員代表大會(huì)暨學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2012年
10 袁晉;李非里;盛光遙;;覆膜種植下重金屬在土壤-萵苣的遷移特征[A];中國(guó)化學(xué)會(huì)第27屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)第02分會(huì)場(chǎng)摘要集[C];2010年
相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前2條
1 重慶大學(xué)城環(huán)學(xué)院環(huán)境工程系教授 王濤;重金屬來(lái)襲 “菜籃子”安全堪憂[N];人民政協(xié)報(bào);2013年
2 韋s，
本文編號(hào)：2499560
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shengtaihuanjingbaohulunwen/2499560.html
最近更新
教材專著
