【摘要】：近年來,隨著有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥和擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑的大量使用,環(huán)境問題引起的各種危害也得到普遍關(guān)注。為了認(rèn)識(shí)這類污染物在目標(biāo)環(huán)境中的污染水平和環(huán)境中遷移轉(zhuǎn)化歸趨,以及對(duì)生態(tài)破壞程度。本研究結(jié)合了兩種模型:多介質(zhì)逸度模型和物種敏感性分布模型,以敵敵畏和氯菊酯為研究對(duì)象模擬了穩(wěn)態(tài)假設(shè)下敵敵畏和氯菊酯在巢湖生態(tài)系統(tǒng)各環(huán)境介質(zhì)中的濃度分布、遷移通量和去除途徑,對(duì)各個(gè)輸入?yún)?shù)作了敏感性分析和不確定性分析,進(jìn)一步建立了污染物的物種敏感性分布模型,對(duì)敵敵畏和氯菊酯在穩(wěn)定條件下的生物的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做了評(píng)估,預(yù)測出生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中保護(hù)95%物種不受威脅的最大年輸入量。結(jié)果表明,敵敵畏在大氣相、水體相、沉積物相中的濃度分別為5.39×10~(-13)mol·m~(-3)、1.56×10~(-8) mol·m~(-3)和9.76×10~(-11) mol·m~(-3),氯菊酯在大氣相、水體相、沉積物相中的濃度分別為3.99×10~(-1)6mol·m~(-3)、5.63×10~(-11)mol·m~(-3)和1.95×10~(-5)mol·m~(-3)。大氣中的敵敵畏主要是通過揮發(fā)作用進(jìn)入,通過吸收作用輸出,而氯菊酯主要以揮發(fā)形式進(jìn)入,空氣顆粒物干沉降消減;水體中敵敵畏通過平流輸出和水向底泥擴(kuò)散為主消減,氯菊酯主要通過底泥沉降和底泥向水?dāng)U散消減,兩者均以平流輸入為主進(jìn)入;沉積物中敵敵畏的輸入輸出過程主要是通過擴(kuò)散作用,氯菊酯主要以沉降形式進(jìn)入,通過底泥再懸浮和掩埋消減。此外,SSD模型預(yù)測的敵敵畏和氯菊酯的HC5濃度值分別為3.46 ng·L~(-1)和2.20×10-2ng·L~(-1),遠(yuǎn)高于多介質(zhì)模型預(yù)測的水體濃度。當(dāng)輸入巢湖水體的敵敵畏和氯菊酯年輸入量分別低于2.75和943 t·a~(-1)的情況下,巢湖水體中95%的物種不會(huì)受到威脅。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the extensive use of organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethroid pesticides, various hazards caused by environmental problems have been paid more and more attention. In order to understand the pollution level of this kind of pollutants in the target environment, the migration and transformation trend in the environment, and the degree of ecological damage. In this study, two models, multi-medium fugacity model and species sensitivity distribution model, were combined to simulate the concentration distribution of dichlorvos and permethrin in various environmental media of Chaohu Lake ecosystem under steady state assumption. The sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis of each input parameter were carried out, and the species sensitivity distribution model of pollutants was further established. The potential risk of dichlorvos and permethrin in stable conditions was assessed and the maximum annual input of protected 95% species in the ecosystem was predicted. The results show that the concentrations of dichlorvos in atmospheric phase, water phase and sediment phase are 5.39 脳 10 ~ (- 13) mol 路m ~ (- 3), 1.56 脳 10 ~ (- 8) mol 路m ~ (- 3) and 9.76 脳 10 ~ (- 11) mol 路m ~ (- 3), respectively. The concentrations of permethrin in atmospheric phase, water phase and sediment phase are 3.99 脳 10 ~ (- 1) 6mol 路m ~ (- 3), 5.63 脳 10 ~ (- 11) mol 路m ~ (- 3) and 1.95 脳 10 ~ (- 5) mol 路m ~ (- 3), respectively. Dichlorvos in the atmosphere mainly enter through volatilization and output through absorption, while permethrin mainly enters in the form of volatilization, and the dry deposition of air particles decreases. Dichlorvos in water mainly decreased through advection output and water diffusion to sediment, and permethrin mainly decreased through sediment sedimentation and sediment diffusion to water, both of which were mainly entered by advection input. The input and output process of dichlorvos in sediments is mainly through diffusion, permethrin mainly enters in the form of sedimentation, and subtracts through sediment resuspension and burying. In addition, the HC5 concentrations of dichlorvos and permethrin predicted by SSD model are 3.46 ng 路L ~ (- 1) and 2.20 脳 10 ~ (- 2ng 路L ~ (- 1), respectively, which are much higher than those predicted by the multi-medium model. When the annual inputs of dichlorvos and permethrin are less than 2.75 t 路a ~ (- 1) and 943 t 路a ~ (- 1), respectively, 95% of the species in Chaohu Lake will not be threatened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X592;X524

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