【摘要】：抗生素菌渣是提取抗生素的時(shí)候殘留下的工業(yè)廢渣。我國(guó)作為抗生素藥物生產(chǎn)大國(guó),在2015年時(shí)該類藥品的產(chǎn)量已達(dá)到129.6萬(wàn)噸,同時(shí)產(chǎn)生的菌渣為989.5萬(wàn)噸,由于菌渣中殘留抗生素,易危害動(dòng)植物的生存,存在安全隱患,我國(guó)在2008年將其列為危險(xiǎn)廢棄物,要求必須進(jìn)行無(wú)害化處理才可排放并禁止飼料化處理。菌渣的處理成為嚴(yán)重困擾制藥行業(yè)的難題。研究人員進(jìn)行了許多新的嘗試,但有操作性低,費(fèi)用高效果差等問(wèn)題。本文利用流化床氣化技術(shù)進(jìn)行抗生素菌渣處理可行性的研究,將抗生素菌渣熱化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化為燃?xì)?生物炭等清潔能源,完成了危廢的處理,同時(shí)產(chǎn)生的燃?xì)�、生物質(zhì)炭等清潔能源可以用做生活或工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。首先,利用微型流化床試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),在氬氣氣氛中進(jìn)行了等溫?zé)峤鈱?shí)驗(yàn),研究了抗生素菌渣產(chǎn)物的變化曲線及反應(yīng)機(jī)理,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),氣體產(chǎn)量在600℃～750℃之間增加顯著;熱解過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的四種主要物質(zhì)(CO、H_2、CH_4和CO_2)的活化能分別為 10.37 kJ/mol,20.78 kJ/mol,38.81 kJ/mol和 23.39 kJ/mol。其次,為提高氣體產(chǎn)量與質(zhì)量,利用微型流化床分析系統(tǒng)在氬氣氣氛中進(jìn)行了菌渣和褐煤的共熱解實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:菌渣和褐煤共熱解氣體產(chǎn)率的實(shí)驗(yàn)值與計(jì)算值存在偏差,二者的共熱解具有協(xié)同與抑制效應(yīng)。其中,當(dāng)菌渣占比為20%時(shí),與計(jì)算值的正偏差最大,促進(jìn)作用最為明顯;以整體揮發(fā)分(H_2、CH_4、C02和CO)為基準(zhǔn),添加抗生素菌渣使活化能相對(duì)于單獨(dú)熱解有所下降,對(duì)共熱解反應(yīng)有一定協(xié)同作用。然后,根據(jù)抗生素菌渣的熱解動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)以及化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程,利用Fluent軟件建立了抗生素菌渣流化床熱解氣化模型,模擬分析了菌渣在流化床氣化過(guò)程中的溫度及產(chǎn)物濃度等,并與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者的變化趨勢(shì)相似,熱解產(chǎn)物產(chǎn)量的誤差在10%以內(nèi),吻合效果較好,氣化模型可以為抗生素菌渣的處理以及流化床設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)改進(jìn)提供指導(dǎo)。最后,用抗生素菌渣和小麥秸稈作為材料,在中試級(jí)循環(huán)流化床中進(jìn)行氣化研究,分析了不同的參數(shù)(含水率,空氣當(dāng)量比等)對(duì)于氣化所得的氣體產(chǎn)物的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:含水率越高,產(chǎn)物中一氧化碳的產(chǎn)量越少,CO_2和氫氣的產(chǎn)量越高,甲烷的產(chǎn)量幾乎不變,氣體產(chǎn)物的熱值降低。隨著過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)α的增加,青、紅霉素菌渣的氣態(tài)生成物的成分(CO、CO_2、CH_4和H_2)的變動(dòng)趨向相似,其中CO、CH_4和H_2三種可燃?xì)怏w產(chǎn)物產(chǎn)量先增后減,而CO_2的產(chǎn)量則呈現(xiàn)先減后增趨勢(shì)。氣體產(chǎn)物的熱值與可燃?xì)怏w的變動(dòng)趨勢(shì)類似,而焦油則逐漸減少。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析,抗生素菌渣的氣化特性滿足要求,氣體產(chǎn)物達(dá)到了工業(yè)應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn),所以以流化床氣化技術(shù)無(wú)害化處理菌渣具有可行性。
[Abstract]:Antibiotic residue is an industrial waste residue left behind when antibiotics are extracted. As a large country of antibiotic drug production, the output of this kind of drugs has reached 1.296 million tons in 2015, and the bacterial slag produced at the same time is 9.895 million tons. Because of the residual antibiotics in the bacterial residue, it is easy to endanger the survival of animals and plants, and there is a hidden danger of safety. In 2008, China listed it as hazardous waste, which requires innocuous treatment in order to discharge and prohibit fodder treatment. The treatment of bacterial residue has become a serious problem in the pharmaceutical industry. The researchers have made many new attempts, but there are some problems, such as low maneuverability, high cost and poor effect. In this paper, the feasibility of antibiotic residue treatment was studied by fluidized bed gasification technology. The thermochemical conversion of antibiotic residue into clean energy such as gas, biological carbon and so on completed the treatment of dangerous waste and produced gas at the same time. Clean energy such as biomass carbon can be used for life or industrial production. Firstly, the Isothermal pyrolysis experiment was carried out in argon atmosphere by using a micro-fluidized bed test system, and the change curve and reaction mechanism of antibiotic residue products were studied. it was found that the gas output increased significantly between 600 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2482608