【摘要】：石油泄漏問題經(jīng)常與石油化工產(chǎn)業(yè)、石油管道運輸、石油儲藏罐以及海上油輪的運輸發(fā)生的事故有關(guān)�；瘜W(xué)合成的表面活性劑通常被用來加快去除這些泄露的原油。然而,大部分的化學(xué)表面活性劑大多不能被微生物降解,或部分被降解的產(chǎn)物對動物,植物甚至人類有很大的危害。生物表面活性劑是由生物細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的一種具有表面活性的兩性分子,這種分子具有低毒性、穩(wěn)定、高強度的生物降解性,生態(tài)安全性的特質(zhì)。鼠李糖脂被認(rèn)為是幫助去除原油污染最有效的生物表面活性劑,它能夠有效的乳化石油,加快微生物降解污染的石油。我們從舟山海域油污泥中篩選出一株葡萄糖誘導(dǎo)的高產(chǎn)鼠李糖脂的銅綠假單胞菌Zs1。用葡萄糖作為唯一碳源培養(yǎng)Zs1,上清液的乳化指數(shù)能達到100%,表面張力能夠降低到26.5mN/m LC-MS/MS分析,Zs1產(chǎn)生19種不同的鼠李糖脂(RL7-11),其中包括7種單糖的鼠李糖脂,12種雙糖的鼠李糖脂。RL7-11相比于SDS在不同的pH、鹽度以及溫度的條件下具有更強的穩(wěn)定性。用礦物鹽培養(yǎng)基(MSM)加4%葡萄糖30℃,180r/min培養(yǎng)Zs1 5天,鼠李糖脂的產(chǎn)量達到44g/L。我們在研究中還發(fā)現(xiàn),利用MSM培養(yǎng)基加酵母粉和MSM加葡萄糖為培養(yǎng)基能夠富集不同種類的微生物,葡萄糖為唯一碳源時能富集假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas sp),酵母粉為唯一碳源時能富集廈門棲東海菌屬(Donghicola sp),芽孢桿菌屬(Bacillus sp),產(chǎn)堿桿菌屬(Alcaligenes sp)。假單胞菌屬分別和廈門棲東海菌屬、芽孢桿菌屬以及產(chǎn)堿桿菌屬在以MSM培養(yǎng)基加酵母粉為唯一碳源條件下共培養(yǎng)時,利用末端熒光標(biāo)記的限制性片段長度多態(tài)性(T-RFLP)技術(shù)和抑菌圈實驗的方法證明,假單胞菌屬能夠抑制廈門棲東海菌屬和芽孢桿菌屬的生長,而產(chǎn)堿桿菌屬能夠抑制假單胞菌屬的生長�？偟膩碚f,我們實驗結(jié)果初步揭示了不同微生物之間相互拮抗的普遍現(xiàn)象。在原位生物修復(fù)過程中,選擇適合的微生物對于有效清除環(huán)境污染物具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Oil leakage is often related to accidents in petrochemical industry, oil pipeline transportation, oil storage tanks and offshore oil tankers. Chemical surfactants are usually used to speed up the removal of these leaked crude oil. However, most of the chemical surfactants can not be degraded by microorganisms, or some of the degraded products are of great harm to animals, plants and even human beings. Biosurfactant is a kind of amphoteric molecule with surface activity produced by biological cells. This molecule has the characteristics of low toxicity, stability, high intensity biodegradability and ecological safety. Rhamnose is considered to be the most effective biosurfactant to help remove crude oil pollution. It can effectively emulsify oil and accelerate microbial degradation of contaminated oil. A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Zs1. with high rhamnose production induced by glucose was screened from the oily sludge of Zhoushan sea area. The emulsification index of the culture medium of Zs1, with glucose as the sole carbon source can reach 100%, and the surface tension can be reduced to 26.5mN/m LC-MS/MS analysis. 19 different kinds of rhamnose (RL7-11) are produced by Zs1. Among them, 7 kinds of monosaccharide rhamnose and 12 kinds of disaccharide rhamnose. RL7-11 has stronger stability than SDS at different pH, salinity and temperature. The yield of rhamnose reached 44 g 路L ~ (- 1) when Zs1 was cultured with mineral salt medium (MSM) and 4% glucose at 30 鈩，

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