【摘要】：隨著改革開(kāi)放的步伐加速,城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)在我國(guó)獲得了有目共睹的巨大成就。但隨之而來(lái)的交通擁堵、空氣惡化、環(huán)境污染等"城市病",日益引起人們的廣泛關(guān)注。"垃圾圍城"也是城市病之一。近年來(lái),垃圾治理在城市治理中緊迫性突出。自上世紀(jì)九十年代以來(lái),我國(guó)相關(guān)政府部門(mén)逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到通過(guò)垃圾分類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)源頭減量和資源回收對(duì)于城市垃圾治理的重要性,并開(kāi)展了城市垃圾分類(lèi)試點(diǎn)工作,采取了命令控制型、經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)型和社會(huì)參與型等垃圾分類(lèi)政策工具來(lái)達(dá)成分類(lèi)目標(biāo)。但是歷經(jīng)十多年的垃圾分類(lèi)試點(diǎn)工作,并未達(dá)到理想效果,也沒(méi)有形成可以在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)全面推廣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。垃圾分類(lèi)試點(diǎn)不成功,有多重原因,政策工具的選擇即是其中之一。政策執(zhí)行過(guò)程本質(zhì)上是選擇恰當(dāng)政策工具進(jìn)行政策落實(shí)的過(guò)程,因而政策工具的選擇是否恰當(dāng)是決定政策執(zhí)行成敗的關(guān)鍵因素。因此,本文從政策工具理論的視角出發(fā),圍繞"如何優(yōu)化政策工具從而推進(jìn)城市生活垃圾分類(lèi)工作"這一主線,對(duì)中國(guó)城市生活垃圾分類(lèi)政策工具展開(kāi)系統(tǒng)研究。筆者認(rèn)為,垃圾分類(lèi)效果的提升,需要我們重視垃圾分類(lèi)政策工具應(yīng)用中存在的缺陷,要充分發(fā)揮各項(xiàng)政策工具優(yōu)化組合的效應(yīng),注重優(yōu)化政策工具運(yùn)行的外部環(huán)境;同時(shí)政府部門(mén)要承擔(dān)起頂層設(shè)計(jì)和系統(tǒng)配套的責(zé)任,完善法律法規(guī)和制度框架;注重發(fā)揮利益機(jī)制作用,促進(jìn)社會(huì)力量參與,培育社會(huì)信任。科學(xué)機(jī)制的良好運(yùn)作將反過(guò)來(lái)推進(jìn)垃圾分類(lèi)工作的開(kāi)展,最終促成城市垃圾治理目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。全文共分為五個(gè)部分。緒論部分主要說(shuō)明了選題背景、研究意義、研究思路,并概述了政策工具理論的國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究。第二部分對(duì)政策工具理論和垃圾分類(lèi)概念進(jìn)行綜述,為本研究奠定了理論基礎(chǔ);同時(shí)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外垃圾分類(lèi)情況進(jìn)行概述,為本研究奠定了實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。第三部分系統(tǒng)分析了我國(guó)垃圾分類(lèi)政策工具的執(zhí)行情況,論述了我國(guó)生活垃圾分類(lèi)政策工具的政策目標(biāo)、具體內(nèi)容、實(shí)施效果及低效原因。第四部分介紹了德國(guó)、日本、臺(tái)北在選擇并執(zhí)行生活垃圾分類(lèi)政策工具的具體實(shí)踐情況,并對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外垃圾分類(lèi)政策工具進(jìn)行比較分析,總結(jié)了可供參考借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn),例如"生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸"、"強(qiáng)制垃圾分類(lèi)"、"利用行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)促進(jìn)回收""嚴(yán)苛違規(guī)處罰"等。第五部分論述了我國(guó)垃圾分類(lèi)未來(lái)發(fā)展的方向,提出優(yōu)化我國(guó)生活垃圾分類(lèi)政策工具的建議,即發(fā)揮各類(lèi)政策工具的組合作用,同時(shí)優(yōu)化垃圾分類(lèi)政策工具執(zhí)行的外部環(huán)境,注重垃圾分類(lèi)政策工具發(fā)揮主體和參與客體的完善,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)城市生活垃圾有序治理和居民主動(dòng)參與治理的良好效果。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of reform and opening up, urbanization has made great achievements in our country. However, the following "urban diseases", such as traffic congestion, air deterioration, environmental pollution and so on, have attracted more and more attention. "garbage besieged city" is also one of the urban diseases. In recent years, the urgency of garbage treatment in urban governance is prominent. Since the 1990s, the relevant government departments in China have gradually realized the importance of source reduction and resource recovery for municipal solid waste control through garbage classification, and have carried out pilot work on municipal solid waste classification. The policy tools of garbage classification, such as command control type, economic incentive type and social participation type, are adopted to achieve the classification goal. However, after more than ten years of pilot work of garbage classification, it has not achieved the ideal effect, and has not formed the experience that can be popularized in the whole country. Garbage classification pilot is not successful, there are many reasons, the choice of policy tools is one of them. The process of policy implementation is essentially the process of selecting appropriate policy tools for policy implementation, so whether the choice of policy tools is appropriate is the key factor to determine the success or failure of policy implementation. Therefore, from the perspective of policy tool theory, this paper focuses on the main line of "how to optimize policy tools to promote the classification of municipal solid waste", and makes a systematic study on the policy tools of municipal solid waste classification in China. The author believes that the improvement of garbage classification effect requires us to pay attention to the defects existing in the application of garbage classification policy tools, to give full play to the effect of the optimal combination of policy tools, and to pay attention to optimizing the external environment for the operation of policy tools. At the same time, government departments should assume the responsibility of top-level design and system matching, perfect laws, regulations and institutional framework, pay attention to giving full play to the role of interest mechanism, promote the participation of social forces and cultivate social trust. The good operation of scientific mechanism will in turn promote the development of garbage classification, and finally promote the realization of the goal of municipal solid waste control. The full text is divided into five parts. The introduction mainly explains the background of the topic, the significance of the research, the research ideas, and summarizes the related research of policy tool theory at home and abroad. The second part summarizes the theory of policy tools and the concept of garbage classification, which lays a theoretical foundation for this study, and summarizes the situation of garbage classification at home and abroad, which lays a practical foundation for this study. The third part systematically analyzes the implementation of garbage classification policy tools in China, and discusses the policy objectives, concrete contents, implementation effect and inefficient reasons of domestic waste classification policy tools in China. The fourth part introduces the concrete practice of selecting and implementing domestic waste classification policy tools in Germany, Japan and Taipei, compares and analyzes the domestic and foreign garbage classification policy tools, and sums up the experience that can be used for reference. For example, "producer responsibility extension", "mandatory garbage classification", "using industry associations to promote recycling", "strict penalties" and so on. The fifth part discusses the future development direction of garbage classification in China, and puts forward some suggestions to optimize the policy tools of domestic waste classification in China, that is, to give full play to the combined role of various policy tools, and at the same time to optimize the external environment for the implementation of garbage classification policy tools. Pay attention to the improvement of the subject and the object of participation in the policy tool of garbage classification, and finally realize the good effect of orderly management of municipal solid waste and active participation of residents in the treatment of municipal solid waste.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X799.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張莉萍;張中華;;城市生活垃圾源頭分類(lèi)中居民集體行動(dòng)的困境及克服[J];武漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2016年06期

2 陳海濱;項(xiàng)田甜;;生活垃圾分類(lèi)“2+n”模式探究[J];環(huán)境衛(wèi)生工程;2016年05期

3 羅婧;王雅慧;;城市生活垃圾管理政策工具研究[J];民營(yíng)科技;2016年10期

4 王楠;祁運(yùn)麗;董紅;;基于企業(yè)態(tài)度的環(huán)境政策工具選擇研究[J];科技管理研究;2016年16期

5 ;垃圾分類(lèi)垃圾減量 看看德國(guó)是怎么做的[J];城市管理與科技;2016年04期

6 王紅梅;王振杰;;環(huán)境治理政策工具比較和選擇——以北京PM2.5治理為例[J];中國(guó)行政管理;2016年08期

7 陳子玉;趙靜;馬國(guó)強(qiáng);;我國(guó)城市生活垃圾分類(lèi)政策實(shí)施研究——以南京市為例[J];地域研究與開(kāi)發(fā);2016年03期

8 李翠紅;;公共政策工具的選擇研究——以北京城市生活垃圾分類(lèi)收集為例[J];科教導(dǎo)刊(下旬);2016年03期

9 晏夢(mèng)靈;劉凌旗;;日本城市生活垃圾處理的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制與居民自治會(huì)的重要作用[J];生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì);2016年02期

10 費(fèi)鈺辰;;從臺(tái)灣垃圾分類(lèi)的現(xiàn)狀引發(fā)的思考[J];中國(guó)住宅設(shè)施;2016年01期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 楊洪剛;中國(guó)環(huán)境政策工具的實(shí)施效果及其選擇研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 霍英楠;中日城市生活垃圾治理問(wèn)題比較研究[D];東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2016年

2 黃志強(qiáng);蘇州市區(qū)生活垃圾分類(lèi)現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)策研究[D];蘇州大學(xué);2014年

3 王崢;我國(guó)居民生存環(huán)境質(zhì)量提升的政策工具選擇[D];山東大學(xué);2014年

4 袁珍;城市生活垃圾分類(lèi)政策執(zhí)行梗阻及消解[D];廣州大學(xué);2012年

5 王蔭西;政策工具的價(jià)值沖突及其選擇[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：2477960