【摘要】：日益嚴峻的粉塵污染已經(jīng)成為制約我國大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量的瓶頸問題。近年來,我國社會經(jīng)濟和城鎮(zhèn)化進程得到了高速的發(fā)展,但人們賴以生存的大氣環(huán)境卻受到了嚴重的破壞。因此,粉塵治理問題已經(jīng)成為社會各階層廣泛討論的話題和環(huán)保學(xué)家研究的重要課題。目前,人們對各類除塵器的除塵機理已經(jīng)進行了深入的研究,所取得的成果對于大氣環(huán)境治理起到了一定的促進作用,但是并沒有從根本上解決除塵器降塵效率低、高能耗、成本消耗大、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等問題。因此,本文在現(xiàn)有濕法除塵技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出采用多層級對置噴霧的方式解決傳統(tǒng)濕法除塵存在的效率低、水耗大、耗能高等問題,對于除塵技術(shù)的研究具有十分重要的意義。以往對于噴霧除塵的研究大多關(guān)注其總的除塵效率,而忽略了噴霧壓力變化導(dǎo)致的霧化粒徑變化對除塵效率的影響。因此本文在傳統(tǒng)噴霧除塵機理的基礎(chǔ)上,采用圖像測量技術(shù)對噴嘴的霧化粒度進行測量,所得結(jié)果顯示霧化粒徑變化的總趨勢為:隨著噴霧壓力的升高,平均霧化粒徑逐漸減小。當噴霧壓由0.2MPa提高到0.4MPa時,平均霧化粒徑的變化幅度較大,由456μm下降到219μm,呈近似線性關(guān)系;當壓力在0.5~0.6MPa變化時,平均霧化粒徑的變化較為平穩(wěn),由176μm下降到165μm。重復(fù)多次測試噴霧壓力與水流量之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,其結(jié)果顯示噴霧壓力由0.1MPa上升到0.8MPa時,對應(yīng)洗滌水的平均流量由0.6L/min上升到2.1L/min,上升曲線呈線性趨勢。本文通過搭建多層級對置噴霧洗滌塔實驗臺,根據(jù)噴霧粒度實驗所得結(jié)果,以空氣、水和粉塵顆粒作為介質(zhì),研究了多層級噴霧洗滌塔內(nèi)液氣體積比、塔內(nèi)氣體平均流速、粉塵濃度、噴霧壓力等參數(shù)對除塵效率的影響規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明:洗滌塔內(nèi)噴霧層數(shù)對除塵效率的影響最為顯著,與傳統(tǒng)的單層相比,除塵效率可以提高15%以上;并且在實驗條件下,入口粉塵濃度的變化對其除塵效率的影響較小;增大噴霧壓力可以有效提升除塵效率,當噴霧壓力為0.5~0.6MPa時,除塵效率變化趨于穩(wěn)定;在相同操作參數(shù)下,適當降低氣體在塔內(nèi)平均流速有利于提高洗滌塔的除塵效率,對于三層噴霧洗滌,最佳的氣體塔內(nèi)平均流速為0.6~0.8m/s;當噴霧壓力為0.6MPa、塔內(nèi)氣體平均氣速為0.6m/s、液氣體積比為5.27、入口粉塵濃度為16g/m3的條件下,三層噴霧除塵的效率可以達到98.3%。
[Abstract]:Increasingly severe dust pollution has become a bottleneck problem restricting the quality of atmospheric environment in China. In recent years, China's social economy and urbanization process has been developed at a high speed, but the atmospheric environment that people rely on for survival has been seriously destroyed. Therefore, dust control has become a widely discussed topic in all levels of society and an important topic studied by environmentalists. At present, the dedusting mechanism of all kinds of precipitators has been deeply studied, and the results obtained have played a certain role in improving the atmospheric environment, but they have not fundamentally solved the low dust reduction efficiency and high energy consumption of the precipitators. Large cost consumption, complex structure and other issues. Therefore, on the basis of the existing wet dedusting technology, this paper proposes to adopt multi-level counter-spray method to solve the problems of low efficiency, high water consumption and high energy consumption in traditional wet dust removal, and so on. It is of great significance for the research of dust removal technology. In the past, most of the researches on spray dust removal were concerned about the total dust removal efficiency, but ignored the influence of atomization particle size change caused by the change of spray pressure on the dust removal efficiency. Therefore, on the basis of the traditional spray dust removal mechanism, the atomization particle size of the nozzle is measured by image measurement technology. The results show that the total trend of atomization particle size change is as follows: with the increase of spray pressure, The average atomization particle size decreased gradually. When the spray pressure increased from 0.2MPa to 0.4MPa, the average atomization particle size changed greatly, from 456 渭 m to 219 渭 m, showing an approximate linear relationship. When the pressure changes in 0.5~0.6MPa, the average atomization particle size changes steadily, from 176 渭 m to 165 渭 m. When the spray pressure increased from 0.1MPa to 0.8MPa, the average flow rate of the corresponding washing water increased from 0.6L/min to 2.1 L 路min, and the results of repeated tests showed that the spray pressure increased from 0.6L/min to 2.1L 路min, and the average flow rate of corresponding washing water increased from 0.6L/min to 2.1L 路min. The rising curve shows a linear trend. According to the experimental results of spray particle size experiment, the volume ratio of liquid to gas and the average velocity of gas in multi-level spray washing tower were studied by using air, water and dust particles as medium. The influence of dust concentration, spray pressure and other parameters on dust removal efficiency. The results show that the number of spray layers in the scrubbing tower has the most significant effect on the dust removal efficiency. Compared with the traditional single layer, the dust removal efficiency can be increased by more than 15%. Under the experimental conditions, the change of the inlet dust concentration has little effect on the dust removal efficiency, increasing the spray pressure can effectively improve the dust removal efficiency, when the spray pressure is 0.5~0.6MPa, the change of the dust removal efficiency tends to be stable. Under the same operating parameters, properly reducing the average velocity of gas in the column is beneficial to improve the dust removal efficiency of the scrubbing tower. For the three-layer spray washing, the optimum average flow rate in the gas column is 0.6 脳 0.8 mm2 路m ~ (- 1) 路m ~ (- 1); When the spray pressure is 0.6 MPA, the average gas velocity in the tower is 0.6 m / s, the volume ratio of liquid to gas is 5.27, and the inlet dust concentration is 16g/m3, the dust removal efficiency of the three layers can reach 98.3%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X701

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