【摘要】：土壤污染是導(dǎo)致生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量下降、限制土壤生產(chǎn)力發(fā)揮,制約農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸問題。為了修復(fù)被除草劑污染的土壤,試驗(yàn)通過(guò)深耕的方式開展被除草劑污染土壤的改土研究,采用自主研發(fā)的土層置換犁、心土耕作犁深耕改土并與常規(guī)耕作進(jìn)行對(duì)比試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,土層置換犁分層深耕方法可以消除土壤殘留氯嘧磺隆對(duì)馬鈴薯敏感期生育的影響。改土后表層土壤的農(nóng)藥殘留量較對(duì)照降低84.2%~86.7%;深耕及心土耕可以改善土壤物理性質(zhì),降低土壤硬度,改變土壤三相比;深耕處理后馬鈴薯出苗率較對(duì)照提高7.8~10.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn),心土耕較對(duì)照提高3.1~6.1個(gè)百分點(diǎn);深耕和心土耕可以提高馬鈴薯干物質(zhì)積累量;深耕馬鈴薯總產(chǎn)量較對(duì)照、心土耕分別提高12.7%~22.1%、11.6%~16.9%,商品薯產(chǎn)量分別提高18.0%~32.5%、13.8%~23.0%,差異達(dá)到顯著水平,深耕效果好于心土耕。應(yīng)用土層置換犁深耕法可有效消除土壤中殘留除草劑對(duì)馬鈴薯的藥害,為促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整提供技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:Soil pollution is a bottleneck problem that leads to the decline of eco-environmental quality, restricts the development of soil productivity and restricts the development of agriculture. In order to rehabilitate the soil contaminated by herbicides, the experiment was carried out by deep tillage to improve the soil contaminated by herbicides. The soil ploughs were replaced by self-developed soil ploughs and deep ploughs with core soil ploughs were used to improve the soil and compared with the conventional tillage. The results showed that the effect of residual chlorosulfuron-methyl on the growth and development of potato at sensitive stage could be eliminated by layer-deep ploughing with soil replacement plough. The pesticide residues in topsoil decreased by 84.2% ~ 86.7% compared with the control, and deep tillage and core soil tillage could improve the physical properties of soil, decrease soil hardness and change the soil ratio. After deep tillage, the emergence rate of potato was increased by 7.8% and 6.1 percentage points respectively compared with the control, and the dry matter accumulation of potato could be increased by deep tillage and deep soil tillage, and the dry matter accumulation of potato could be increased by deep tillage and deep soil tillage. Compared with the control, the total yield of deep-ploughed potato increased 12.7% / 22.1%, 11.6% / 16.9% and 18.0% / 32.5%, 13.8% / 23.0%, respectively, and the difference reached a significant level. The effect of deep ploughing is better than that of heartwood ploughing. The application of soil layer replacement ploughing method can effectively eliminate the pesticide damage to potatoes caused by residual herbicides in soil and provide technical support for promoting the adjustment of planting structure in agriculture.
【作者單位】： 黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院土壤肥料與資源環(huán)境研究所;黑龍江省土壤環(huán)境與植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2012BAD06B02,2013BAD07B01)
【分類號(hào)】：S532;X53

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