【摘要】：鞣酸鉛是鞣酸與金屬鉛離子反應(yīng)生成的多核絡(luò)合物,常作為火箭和導(dǎo)彈的固體推進(jìn)劑,在提高燃速和降低壓力指數(shù)方面的具有良好的催化燃燒效果。鞣酸鉛生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生大量的母液和洗滌廢水,該廢水呈深紅棕色,色度值高達(dá)100,pH值為5,COD_(Cr)值約為4515.0 mg/L,Pb~(2+)含量約為27.32 mg/L。該廢水同時(shí)含有難降解有機(jī)物和重金屬,不僅會(huì)嚴(yán)重污染生態(tài)環(huán)境,而且限制企業(yè)綠色環(huán)保生產(chǎn)。因此,處理鞣酸鉛廢水成了一項(xiàng)企業(yè)急迫需要解決的任務(wù)。本課題結(jié)合吸附、沉淀、高級(jí)氧化三種方法綜合處理鞣酸鉛廢水,確定了各個(gè)處理過(guò)程的最佳操作參數(shù),并且探討了鞣酸鉛廢水的降解機(jī)理。首先,采用沉淀、吸附、沉淀-吸附、吸附-沉淀四種方法對(duì)廢水進(jìn)行預(yù)處理。通過(guò)對(duì)各種方法的預(yù)處理結(jié)果比較分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)使用D201堿性樹(shù)脂吸附組合CaO粉末沉淀處理效果最好。通過(guò)D201樹(shù)脂吸附,廢水中COD_(Cr)和Pb~(2+)的去除率分別達(dá)到74.4%和98.2%;通過(guò)CaO沉淀預(yù)處理,廢水COD_(Cr)去除率達(dá)到57.1%。D201樹(shù)脂用濃度為0.1 mol/L的HCl和質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為15%的NH_4Cl洗脫再生,重復(fù)利用。由于D201樹(shù)脂和CaO處理過(guò)的廢水COD_(Cr)和色度達(dá)不到排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),論文中考察光催化高級(jí)氧化法進(jìn)行深度處理,光催化法深度處理的最佳反應(yīng)條件:室溫,pH為7.0,P25用量1.6 g/L,H_2O_2用量6 mL/L。在此條件下,廢水COD_(Cr)降低到87.5 mg/L,去除率為82.3%,處理后達(dá)到《航天推進(jìn)劑水污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB14374-93)的廢水排放要求。此外,論文中也考察了光芬頓法深度處理該廢水,光芬頓法的最佳工藝參數(shù):pH值為4.0,H_2O_2用量4 mL/L,n(H_2O_2/Fe~(2+))為15。廢水COD_(Cr)去除率達(dá)到85%,出水COD_(Cr)約為75 mg/L。最后,采用紫外-可見(jiàn)光譜儀對(duì)光芬頓法處理的廢水產(chǎn)生的中間產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明:鞣酸先水解為沒(méi)食子酸和六元環(huán)葡萄糖,然后依次被氧化為烯烴、醛酮、羧酸,最后礦化為CO_2和H_2O。
[Abstract]:Lead tannate is a polynuclear complex formed by the reaction of tannic acid with lead metal ions. It is often used as solid propellant of rocket and missile and has good catalytic combustion effect in increasing burning rate and reducing pressure index. A large amount of mother liquor and washing wastewater were produced during the production of lead tannate. The wastewater was crimson brown, and the chroma value was as high as 100g pH = 5 mg/L,Pb~ _ (Cr) = 4515.0 mg/L,Pb~ (2), about 27.32 mg/L.. The wastewater contains both refractory organic matter and heavy metals, which not only pollutes the ecological environment seriously, but also restricts the green production of enterprises. Therefore, the treatment of lead tannate wastewater has become an urgent task for enterprises to solve. Combined with adsorption, precipitation and advanced oxidation, the optimal operation parameters of each treatment process were determined, and the degradation mechanism of lead tannate wastewater was discussed. Firstly, the wastewater was pretreated by precipitation, adsorption, precipitation-adsorption and adsorption-precipitation. By comparing and analyzing the pretreatment results of various methods, it is found that D201 alkaline resin adsorption combined with CaO powder precipitation treatment is the best. The removal rates of COD_ (Cr) and Pb~ (2) reached 74.4% and 98.2% respectively by D201 resin adsorption. After pretreatment with CaO precipitation, the removal rate of COD_ (Cr) from wastewater reached 0.1 mol/L HCl and 15% NH_4Cl, and was reused and reused. Because the COD_ (Cr) and chromaticity of the wastewater treated with D201 resin and CaO could not meet the discharge standard, the optimum conditions of advanced photocatalytic oxidation for advanced treatment were investigated in this paper: room temperature, pH = 7.0. Consumption of P25 1.6 g / L Under these conditions, the removal rate of wastewater COD_ (Cr) is 82.5 mg/L, and the wastewater discharge requirement of Space propellant Water pollution discharge Standard (GB14374-93) is reached after treatment. In addition, the optimal technological parameters of the optical Fenton method for the advanced treatment of the wastewater were also investigated. The pH value of the method was 4.0 / H _ S _ 2O _ 2 4 mL/L,n (H _ 2O _ 2O _ 2 / Fe ~ (2) = 15. The COD_ (Cr) removal rate of wastewater is 85 and the COD_ (Cr) of effluent is about 75 mg/L.. Finally, the intermediate products of wastewater treated by light Fenton process were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrometer. The results showed that tannic acid was hydrolyzed into Gallic acid and hexagonal cyclodextrose, and then oxidized to olefins, aldehydes and carboxylic acids. Finally, the mineralization is CO_2 and H _ 2O.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X789

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