黃海綠潮年際變化特征及災(zāi)害分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-14 14:37
【摘要】：2007～2016年,連續(xù)10年在黃海海域爆發(fā)不同規(guī)模的綠潮災(zāi)害,但因各年黃海綠潮爆發(fā)時間、規(guī)模及漂移路徑的不同,南黃海和沿海地區(qū)受到的生態(tài)環(huán)境影響和經(jīng)濟損失大不相同。黃海綠潮暴發(fā)性增殖會消耗海水大量氧氣,影響海氣交換,導(dǎo)致海水水質(zhì)嚴(yán)重惡化,影響海水養(yǎng)殖業(yè)及沿海旅游觀光業(yè)的發(fā)展,使生態(tài)環(huán)境失衡,對沿海造成巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。因此開展黃海綠潮年際變化特征和災(zāi)害分析的研究對于理解這一新的生態(tài)災(zāi)害過程,分析其經(jīng)濟和社會損失,開展預(yù)測、預(yù)警和防控具有重要借鑒意義。本文利用EOS/MODIS衛(wèi)星的多通道資料,采用歸一化植被指數(shù)(NDVI)算法獲取黃海綠潮信息,給出2007年以來5月-8月所有無云或少云晴朗天氣下黃海海面綠潮的分布情況,分析了綠潮覆蓋面積及漂移路徑的年際變化,并使用統(tǒng)計方法表征黃海不同受災(zāi)區(qū)域受災(zāi)程度的年際差異:黃海綠潮覆蓋面積變化每年基本呈現(xiàn)單峰值分布,5月中旬至6月初首次出現(xiàn),隨后30～40天內(nèi)達(dá)到覆蓋面積峰值,7月快速消退,8月上旬完全消失。2007年為黃海規(guī)模性綠潮形成首年,覆蓋面積均未超過50 km2,綠潮影響范圍小,社會關(guān)注度低;2008年和2009年綠潮覆蓋面積峰值分別為3 110km2和4 075 km2,自此綠潮災(zāi)害成為新的海洋環(huán)境事件;2010～2012年綠潮暴發(fā)規(guī)模異常低值,各年覆蓋面積峰值均未超過1 800 km2,但從2013年開始綠潮規(guī)模逐漸攀升,到2016年綠潮覆蓋面積峰值為7 990 km2,是其他年份的1.5～7倍。綠潮漂移路徑存在明顯的年際差異,各年綠潮北向漂移超出34.5°N后,漂移路徑變得復(fù)雜,大體可分為三類主要走勢:2008、2010和2011年綠潮主體西北向垂直于岸線漂移,主要對連云港、日照和青島造成較大影響;2009年和2012年綠潮主體偏東,且東北向平行于岸線漂移,故只有少許綠潮在山東沿海登陸;2013～2016年綠潮北向漂移至近岸后東北向沿岸漂移,對日照、青島和榮成沿海造成大面積影響。所有年份綠潮影響范圍均限于南黃海內(nèi),東側(cè)邊界最遠(yuǎn)未越過124.2°E,南側(cè)未超過江蘇如東縣以南。2008～2016年南黃海海域受災(zāi)中心主要集中在34.5°～35.75°N、120.5°～121.5°E內(nèi),且南黃海受災(zāi)情況以該海域為中心向周圍海域逐漸減小,9年來南黃海受災(zāi)中心綠潮平均影響面積超過9 000 km2;受災(zāi)程度最為嚴(yán)重的海岸集中在山東青島、日照和乳山,而江蘇鹽城海岸在近4年來受災(zāi)程度惡化。
[Abstract]:From 2007 to 2016, green tide disaster of different scale broke out in Huang Hai sea area for 10 years in succession. However, due to the different time, scale and drift path of Huang Hai green tide outbreak in each year, the ecological environment impact and economic loss of South Huang Hai and coastal area are very different. Huang Hai's sudden green tide will consume a great deal of oxygen in sea water, affect sea air exchange, cause serious deterioration of sea water quality, affect the development of mariculture and coastal tourism industry, make ecological environment unbalanced, and cause huge economic losses to coastal areas. Therefore, the study on the interannual variation of Huang Hai green tide and disaster analysis is of great significance for understanding this new ecological disaster process, analyzing its economic and social losses, carrying out prediction, early warning and prevention and control. Based on the multi-channel data of EOS/MODIS satellite and the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) algorithm, the green tide information of Huang Hai is obtained, and the distribution of green tide on the surface of Huang Hai is given from May to August in May to August 2007. The interannual variation of green tide coverage area and drift path is analyzed, and the interannual difference of disaster degree in different affected areas of Huang Hai is represented by statistical method: the annual variation of Huang Hai green tide coverage area presents a single peak value distribution. It appeared for the first time from mid-May to early June, then reached its peak in 30 ~ 40 days, disappeared rapidly in July and disappeared completely in early August. 2007 was the first year of the formation of Huang Hai's large-scale green tide, and the coverage area did not exceed 50 km2,. The influence of green tide is small and the social concern is low; The peak value of green tide coverage area in 2008 and 2009 was 3 110km2 and 4 075 km2, respectively. Since then, the green tide disaster has become a new marine environmental event. From 2010 to 2012, the green tide outbreak scale was abnormally low, and the peak value of annual coverage area was not more than 1 800 km2, but the green tide scale gradually increased from 2013 to 2016, and the peak value of green tide area in 2016 was 7 990 km2, which was 1.57 times of that in other years. There is obvious interannual difference in green tide drift path. After the northward drift of green tide exceeds 34.5 擄N in each year, the drift path becomes complex, which can be roughly divided into three main trends: 2008 / 2010 and 2011 the main green tide main body is perpendicular to the shore line drift northwestward, the main body of the green tide drifts perpendicular to the shoreline in 2010 and 2011. It has great influence on Lianyungang, Rizhao and Qingdao. In 2009 and 2012, the main body of the green tide was eastward, and the northeast direction was parallel to the shore line drift, so only a little green tide landed in the coastal area of Shandong. From 2013 to 2016, the northward drift of the green tide to the coast of northeast China caused a large area impact on the sunshine, Qingdao and Rongcheng coasts. In all years, the influence of green tide is confined to the south Huang Hai, the east side of the border is not over 124.2 擄E, and the southern side is not more than the south of Rudong County, Jiangsu Province. The disaster center of South Huang Hai Sea area from 2008 to 2016 is mainly concentrated in the range of 34.5 擄~ 35.75 擄N. In the range of 120.5 擄~ 121.5 擄E, and the situation of the southern Huang Hai disaster gradually decreased to the surrounding sea area with the center of this sea area, the average impact area of the green tide in the South Huang Hai disaster center exceeded 9 000 km2; in the past 9 years. The worst hit coast is Qingdao, Shandong, Rizhao and Rushan, while the Yancheng coast in Jiangsu Province has deteriorated in the last four years.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X55
[Abstract]:From 2007 to 2016, green tide disaster of different scale broke out in Huang Hai sea area for 10 years in succession. However, due to the different time, scale and drift path of Huang Hai green tide outbreak in each year, the ecological environment impact and economic loss of South Huang Hai and coastal area are very different. Huang Hai's sudden green tide will consume a great deal of oxygen in sea water, affect sea air exchange, cause serious deterioration of sea water quality, affect the development of mariculture and coastal tourism industry, make ecological environment unbalanced, and cause huge economic losses to coastal areas. Therefore, the study on the interannual variation of Huang Hai green tide and disaster analysis is of great significance for understanding this new ecological disaster process, analyzing its economic and social losses, carrying out prediction, early warning and prevention and control. Based on the multi-channel data of EOS/MODIS satellite and the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) algorithm, the green tide information of Huang Hai is obtained, and the distribution of green tide on the surface of Huang Hai is given from May to August in May to August 2007. The interannual variation of green tide coverage area and drift path is analyzed, and the interannual difference of disaster degree in different affected areas of Huang Hai is represented by statistical method: the annual variation of Huang Hai green tide coverage area presents a single peak value distribution. It appeared for the first time from mid-May to early June, then reached its peak in 30 ~ 40 days, disappeared rapidly in July and disappeared completely in early August. 2007 was the first year of the formation of Huang Hai's large-scale green tide, and the coverage area did not exceed 50 km2,. The influence of green tide is small and the social concern is low; The peak value of green tide coverage area in 2008 and 2009 was 3 110km2 and 4 075 km2, respectively. Since then, the green tide disaster has become a new marine environmental event. From 2010 to 2012, the green tide outbreak scale was abnormally low, and the peak value of annual coverage area was not more than 1 800 km2, but the green tide scale gradually increased from 2013 to 2016, and the peak value of green tide area in 2016 was 7 990 km2, which was 1.57 times of that in other years. There is obvious interannual difference in green tide drift path. After the northward drift of green tide exceeds 34.5 擄N in each year, the drift path becomes complex, which can be roughly divided into three main trends: 2008 / 2010 and 2011 the main green tide main body is perpendicular to the shore line drift northwestward, the main body of the green tide drifts perpendicular to the shoreline in 2010 and 2011. It has great influence on Lianyungang, Rizhao and Qingdao. In 2009 and 2012, the main body of the green tide was eastward, and the northeast direction was parallel to the shore line drift, so only a little green tide landed in the coastal area of Shandong. From 2013 to 2016, the northward drift of the green tide to the coast of northeast China caused a large area impact on the sunshine, Qingdao and Rongcheng coasts. In all years, the influence of green tide is confined to the south Huang Hai, the east side of the border is not over 124.2 擄E, and the southern side is not more than the south of Rudong County, Jiangsu Province. The disaster center of South Huang Hai Sea area from 2008 to 2016 is mainly concentrated in the range of 34.5 擄~ 35.75 擄N. In the range of 120.5 擄~ 121.5 擄E, and the situation of the southern Huang Hai disaster gradually decreased to the surrounding sea area with the center of this sea area, the average impact area of the green tide in the South Huang Hai disaster center exceeded 9 000 km2; in the past 9 years. The worst hit coast is Qingdao, Shandong, Rizhao and Rushan, while the Yancheng coast in Jiangsu Province has deteriorated in the last four years.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X55
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