不同水質(zhì)參數(shù)以及抗生素存在條件下銅對(duì)劍水蚤的毒性影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-06 13:21
【摘要】：環(huán)境中金屬污染正嚴(yán)重威脅著生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類的健康,因而對(duì)金屬生物有效.性的評(píng)估越來(lái)越重要。最近幾十年間用于預(yù)測(cè)金屬生物有效性的工具-生物配體模型發(fā)展迅速,尤其對(duì)于銅的毒性預(yù)測(cè)模型已經(jīng)比較完善,其主要面向常見(jiàn)魚(yú)類和蚤類等生物的銅毒性預(yù)測(cè)。另外,近年來(lái)抗生素也大量進(jìn)入環(huán)境中,并且在水體和土壤中被廣泛檢測(cè)到。水體是其在環(huán)境中聚集的主要場(chǎng)所,鑒于抗生素理化條件的復(fù)雜性,其自身以及與金屬共存時(shí)環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及二者相互之間的相互作用值得去探究。本研究基于目前的生物配體模型版本,在無(wú)(或較少)溶解有機(jī)質(zhì)(DOC)介質(zhì)下,選擇地表水體常見(jiàn)中劍水蚤屬?gòu)V布中劍水蚤,進(jìn)行銅的急性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn),校正其半致死累積劑量(LA50)。最后,通過(guò)不同水質(zhì)參數(shù)(不同Ca,Mg,Na,K,pH,DOC濃度下)和對(duì)應(yīng)的毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)值半致死濃度(LC50),對(duì)生物配體模型相關(guān)理論參數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,并由此建立了銅對(duì)劍水蚤生物配體模型的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式。研究的另一部分是在銅對(duì)劍水蚤毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,觀測(cè)了抗生素與銅共存狀態(tài)的毒性,進(jìn)而提出了相關(guān)假設(shè),并對(duì)生物配體模型進(jìn)行修改,用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)氧氟沙星與銅共存時(shí)的毒性。經(jīng)過(guò)上述的工作,主要得出以下結(jié)論:(1)水質(zhì)參數(shù)變化會(huì)影響劍水蚤銅毒性。DOC在銅對(duì)其毒性中的影響程度較大,而對(duì)于小球藻,Ca,Mg,Na,K對(duì)其影響不顯著,pH有較強(qiáng)的影響,DOC對(duì)LC50的影響最為顯著。(2)基于上述毒性實(shí)驗(yàn),并根據(jù)生物配體模型理論,對(duì)模型相關(guān)參數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,得出 logKCaBL=2.77,logKMgBL=3.78,logKNaBL =3.49,logKHBL=6.09,logKCuBL=7.56,fCuBL50%=0.32,并由此建立劍水蚤銅毒性模型。(3)對(duì)比生物配體模型用戶自定義模式與通過(guò)擬合參數(shù)構(gòu)建的生物配體模型對(duì)劍水蚤銅毒性的預(yù)測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)構(gòu)建的生物配體模型預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果不夠好,主要原因是構(gòu)建模型中考慮的水質(zhì)參數(shù)較少。(4)氧氟沙星在0-320μg/L濃度范圍內(nèi)沒(méi)有對(duì)劍水蚤產(chǎn)生急性毒性。(5)通過(guò)(4)的毒性試驗(yàn)可知,在一定濃度范圍內(nèi)氧氟沙星對(duì)劍水蚤沒(méi)有毒性,并且與DOC一樣可以與銅發(fā)生絡(luò)合反應(yīng),這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)與DOC和銅之間的關(guān)系類似,所以假設(shè)將氧氟沙星視為一種分子量較小的DOC,認(rèn)為其在生物配體模型中與DOC有相似的運(yùn)算機(jī)制。基于上述假設(shè),修改生物配體模型相關(guān)參數(shù),讓生物配體模型預(yù)測(cè)氧氟沙星與銅共存時(shí)對(duì)劍水蚤急性毒性。發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果只有50%在認(rèn)可范圍內(nèi),預(yù)測(cè)效果不理想。
[Abstract]:Metal pollution in the environment is a serious threat to ecosystem and human health, so it is effective to metal organisms. The evaluation of sex is becoming more and more important. The bioligand model, which is used to predict the bioavailability of metals, has developed rapidly in recent decades, especially for copper toxicity prediction models, which are mainly used for the prediction of copper toxicity of common fish and fleas. In addition, antibiotics have entered the environment in large numbers in recent years and have been widely detected in water and soil. In view of the complexity of the physical and chemical conditions of antibiotics, the water body is the main place where it accumulates in the environment. Therefore, it is worth exploring the environmental risks and the interaction between them when they coexist with metals. Based on the current biological ligands model, in the absence of dissolved organic matter (or less) (DOC) medium, the common surface water bodies were selected to study the acute toxicity of copper. The half lethal cumulative dose (LA50) was corrected. Finally, the relevant theoretical parameters of the biological ligand model were calculated by using different water quality parameters (under different Ca,Mg,Na,K,pH,DOC concentrations) and the corresponding toxic experimental values of the half-lethal concentration (LC50). The mathematical expression of the biological ligand model of copper against Scophyla was established. In the other part of the study, based on the toxicity experiment of copper to flea, the toxicity of the coexistence of antibiotics and copper was observed, and the hypothesis was put forward, and the biological ligand model was modified. Used to predict the toxicity of ofloxacin in the presence of copper. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the change of water quality parameters will affect the copper toxicity of Diaphnia cuspidata. The effect of DOC on copper toxicity is greater than that on Chlorella vulgaris, but Ca,Mg,Na,K has no significant effect on it. PH has a strong effect, DOC has the most significant effect on LC50. (2) based on the above toxicity experiment, and based on the biological ligand model theory, the model parameters are calculated, and the results show that logKCaBL=2.77,logKMgBL=3.78,logKNaBL = 3.49 g log KHBL 6.09, LogKCuBL=7.56,fCuBL50%=0.32, also established the copper toxicity model of Scenophora spp. (3) compared with the user defined model of biological ligand model and the prediction of copper toxicity by fitting parameters of biologically ligand model. It was found that the predicted results of the constructed biological ligand model were not good enough. The main reason is that the water quality parameters considered in the model are less. (4) ofloxacin does not produce acute toxicity to the flea in the concentration range of 0-320 渭 g / L. (5) through the toxicity test of (4), it can be seen that there is no acute toxicity of ofloxacin in the range of 0-320 渭 g / L. Ofloxacin has no toxicity to daphnia in a certain concentration range, and it can react with copper just like DOC. These two characteristics are similar to the relationship between DOC and copper, so let's assume that ofloxacin is regarded as a kind of DOC, with low molecular weight. It is considered that it has similar operational mechanism with DOC in the biological ligand model. Based on the above hypothesis, the parameters of the biological ligand model were modified to predict the acute toxicity of ofloxacin and copper. It is found that only 50% of the predicted results are within the approved range, and the prediction effect is not satisfactory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X171.5
[Abstract]:Metal pollution in the environment is a serious threat to ecosystem and human health, so it is effective to metal organisms. The evaluation of sex is becoming more and more important. The bioligand model, which is used to predict the bioavailability of metals, has developed rapidly in recent decades, especially for copper toxicity prediction models, which are mainly used for the prediction of copper toxicity of common fish and fleas. In addition, antibiotics have entered the environment in large numbers in recent years and have been widely detected in water and soil. In view of the complexity of the physical and chemical conditions of antibiotics, the water body is the main place where it accumulates in the environment. Therefore, it is worth exploring the environmental risks and the interaction between them when they coexist with metals. Based on the current biological ligands model, in the absence of dissolved organic matter (or less) (DOC) medium, the common surface water bodies were selected to study the acute toxicity of copper. The half lethal cumulative dose (LA50) was corrected. Finally, the relevant theoretical parameters of the biological ligand model were calculated by using different water quality parameters (under different Ca,Mg,Na,K,pH,DOC concentrations) and the corresponding toxic experimental values of the half-lethal concentration (LC50). The mathematical expression of the biological ligand model of copper against Scophyla was established. In the other part of the study, based on the toxicity experiment of copper to flea, the toxicity of the coexistence of antibiotics and copper was observed, and the hypothesis was put forward, and the biological ligand model was modified. Used to predict the toxicity of ofloxacin in the presence of copper. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the change of water quality parameters will affect the copper toxicity of Diaphnia cuspidata. The effect of DOC on copper toxicity is greater than that on Chlorella vulgaris, but Ca,Mg,Na,K has no significant effect on it. PH has a strong effect, DOC has the most significant effect on LC50. (2) based on the above toxicity experiment, and based on the biological ligand model theory, the model parameters are calculated, and the results show that logKCaBL=2.77,logKMgBL=3.78,logKNaBL = 3.49 g log KHBL 6.09, LogKCuBL=7.56,fCuBL50%=0.32, also established the copper toxicity model of Scenophora spp. (3) compared with the user defined model of biological ligand model and the prediction of copper toxicity by fitting parameters of biologically ligand model. It was found that the predicted results of the constructed biological ligand model were not good enough. The main reason is that the water quality parameters considered in the model are less. (4) ofloxacin does not produce acute toxicity to the flea in the concentration range of 0-320 渭 g / L. (5) through the toxicity test of (4), it can be seen that there is no acute toxicity of ofloxacin in the range of 0-320 渭 g / L. Ofloxacin has no toxicity to daphnia in a certain concentration range, and it can react with copper just like DOC. These two characteristics are similar to the relationship between DOC and copper, so let's assume that ofloxacin is regarded as a kind of DOC, with low molecular weight. It is considered that it has similar operational mechanism with DOC in the biological ligand model. Based on the above hypothesis, the parameters of the biological ligand model were modified to predict the acute toxicity of ofloxacin and copper. It is found that only 50% of the predicted results are within the approved range, and the prediction effect is not satisfactory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X171.5
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