【摘要】：目前,隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的急速發(fā)展,城市市政污水和各種工業(yè)廢水的處理量逐漸提高,帶來的一個結(jié)果是污泥總量的快速增長。而污泥的最終處理處置不但需要較高的費用,且容易帶來二次污染問題。因而,如何對剩余污泥進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)有效地最終處置,從源頭上減少污泥產(chǎn)量,同時又不影響污水處理的效果,甚至提高出水效果,是未來一段時間內(nèi)環(huán)保界人士所關(guān)注的難題之一。本文針對常見的低C/N污水處理過程中需要外加大量的碳源以保持一定的脫氮除磷效率問題,提出利用剩余污泥溶胞破壁后釋放的內(nèi)碳源作為外加碳源回流進(jìn)入主體脫氮工藝中,研究系統(tǒng)在外加內(nèi)碳源后脫氮除磷效率的變化和剩余污泥的減量化、資源化效果。首先對剩余污泥進(jìn)行超聲波預(yù)處理,在超聲波的作用下,剩余污泥細(xì)胞壁破解,內(nèi)容物釋放出來進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)。使系統(tǒng)中的SCOD、氨氮、總氮均有較大程度的增加。最佳超聲波工藝參數(shù)為0.4W/m L的聲能密度作用20min,此時系統(tǒng)上清液中SCOD濃度為517 mg/L,氨氮濃度為17.24 mg/L,總氮濃度為52.94 mg/L,釋放了較多的碳源,利于后續(xù)實驗利用。顯微鏡下觀察污泥細(xì)胞被完全破解,提高了溶胞率,有利于污泥減量。其次,在利用A/O裝置進(jìn)行脫氮污泥的快速馴化過程中,控制條件初始進(jìn)水氨氮=20mg/L,COD=200mg/L,總磷=5mg/L,C/N=10,隨著實驗的進(jìn)行逐步提高進(jìn)水C、N濃度,同時C/N遞減到6.67。最終進(jìn)水指標(biāo)氨氮=180 mg/L,COD=1200 mg/L,總磷=17mg/L,出水氨氮1mg/L,COD50mg/L,總磷1mg/L,總氮去除率達(dá)86%左右。馴化好的脫氮污泥通過實際油墨廢水進(jìn)行驗證實驗,結(jié)果表明在進(jìn)水稀釋一倍的情況下,油墨廢水的COD、氨氮去除率達(dá)95%以上,總氮去除率達(dá)83%,說明脫氮污泥馴化成功。最后通過全過程對照實驗研究污泥內(nèi)碳源回流對系統(tǒng)的影響,結(jié)果實驗組與對照組的出水氨氮、COD、總磷濃度沒有明顯差別,均在小范圍內(nèi)波動。實驗組出水平均總氮濃度雖然從24.50mg/L增加到27.38mg/L,但總氮的去除率也從86.39%增加到88.17%。在污泥減量化方面,通過計算兩套系統(tǒng)的累積剩余污泥排放量和表觀產(chǎn)率,對照組在試驗階段累積排放1019.8g污泥,污泥產(chǎn)率0.242g-MLSS/g-COD;實驗組累積排放剩余污泥783.2g,污泥產(chǎn)率為0.131g-MLSS/g-COD,實現(xiàn)了23.20%的污泥減量率。
[Abstract]:At present, with the rapid development of Chinese economy, the treatment capacity of municipal sewage and various industrial wastewater is increasing gradually, which results in the rapid growth of the total amount of sludge. The final disposal of sludge not only requires high cost, but also brings secondary pollution easily. Therefore, how to dispose surplus sludge economically and effectively, reduce sludge output at source without affecting the effect of sewage treatment, and even improve the effluent effect, It is one of the problems that the environmental protection sector will pay close attention to for some time to come. In this paper, the common low C / N wastewater treatment process requires a large number of carbon sources to maintain a certain nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency. In this paper, the internal carbon source released after the dissolution of excess sludge into the main nitrogen removal process was put forward. The change of nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, the reduction of excess sludge and the utilization effect of the system were studied. First, the excess sludge was pretreated by ultrasonic wave, the cell wall of the excess sludge was cracked, and the contents were released into the system. The SCOD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the system were increased to a large extent. The optimum ultrasonic parameters were the sound energy density of 0.4W/m L for 20 minutes, and the SCOD concentration in the supernatant was 517 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration was 17.24 mg/L, total nitrogen concentration was 52.94 mg/L, and more carbon sources were released. It is propitious to follow up the experiment. The observation of sludge cell was completely cracked under microscope, which increased the cell dissolution rate and was beneficial to sludge reduction. Secondly, during the rapid domestication process of denitrification sludge using the A / O plant, the initial influent ammonia nitrogen = 20 mg / L CODN = 200mg / L, total phosphorus = 5 mg / L C / N = 10, as the experiment was carried out, the influent concentration of Con N was gradually increased. At the same time, C / N decreased to 6.67. The final influent index ammonia nitrogen = 180 mg/L,COD=1200 mg/L, total phosphorus = 17 mg / L, effluent ammonia nitrogen 1 mg / L COD 50 mg / L, total phosphorus 1 mg / L, total nitrogen removal rate is about 86%. The results showed that the removal rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rate of ink wastewater were more than 95% and 83% respectively, which indicated that the denitrification sludge was domesticated successfully. Finally, the effect of carbon source reflux on the system was studied through the whole process control experiment. The results showed that the effluent ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration of COD, in the experimental group and the control group had no significant difference, and all fluctuated in a small range. The average total nitrogen concentration in the effluent of the experimental group increased from 24.50mg/L to 27.38 mg / L, but the removal rate of total nitrogen increased from 86.39% to 88.17%. In the aspect of sludge reduction, the cumulative excess sludge discharge and apparent yield of the two systems were calculated. In the control group, 1019.8g sludge was discharged, and the sludge yield was 0.242g-MLSS / g-COD. The sludge yield of the experimental group was 0.131g-MLSS / g-COD, and the sludge reduction rate of 23.20% was achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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