【摘要】：在工業(yè)發(fā)展過程中,石油工業(yè)是不可替代的。石油工業(yè)在給予人類眾多便利之余,石油污染問題也變得日益嚴(yán)峻。石油污染物會(huì)危害人類健康,有可能導(dǎo)致癌癥和基因突變。在石油生產(chǎn)的過程中,石油污染物可能通過泄漏或含油污水進(jìn)入土壤,然后直接或間接通過降雨進(jìn)入包氣帶,最后進(jìn)入地下水中,進(jìn)而引發(fā)了一系列的地下水污染,嚴(yán)重影響人類的健康。因此,研究煉油廠的升級(jí)改造過程中石油污染物對(duì)地下水水質(zhì)的影響是很有必要的。某煉油廠位于山東省濟(jì)南市。根據(jù)地質(zhì)資料和水文地質(zhì)資料可查明,研究區(qū)所在地形地貌主要是坡積—沖積平原,其地質(zhì)構(gòu)造在總體上是一個(gè)以古生代地層為主體的北傾單斜構(gòu)造,區(qū)域內(nèi)主要包含三類含水巖組其主要類型為碳酸鹽巖裂隙—巖溶含水巖組。本文研究了煉油廠升級(jí)改造過程中對(duì)地下水水質(zhì)的影響。為提高煉油廠的安全環(huán)保水平,為了落實(shí)加工工藝的清潔化,煉油廠對(duì)其催化裂化裝置、煙氣脫硝脫硫系統(tǒng)、S-zorb系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改造和配套設(shè)施的改造,對(duì)其現(xiàn)有的廢水處理情況和改造情況進(jìn)行分析,其改造過程中的污染隱患主要是污水管道的泄漏。對(duì)煉油廠周邊的地下水監(jiān)測(cè)中未檢出石油污染物和硫化物污染物。在煉油廠可能發(fā)生滲漏的區(qū)域取兩次土樣,進(jìn)行了土壤浸溶液試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明未檢測(cè)到硫化物,但石油類濃度為0.04mg/L。依據(jù)研究區(qū)的水文地質(zhì)條件和地質(zhì)條件,建立相應(yīng)的地下水水流三維數(shù)值模型。分析區(qū)域條件,確定模擬區(qū)域,對(duì)含水層和邊界條件進(jìn)行了概化,建立水文地質(zhì)概念模型,通過對(duì)模型進(jìn)行識(shí)別和驗(yàn)證來確定模型的參數(shù),進(jìn)一步建立溶質(zhì)運(yùn)移模型,最后預(yù)測(cè)了非正常工況和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)工況下污染物的運(yùn)移。預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果表明,各污染物的遷移主要向北北西方向運(yùn)移,各污染因子的初始最大污染濃度普遍較高,但隨著時(shí)間的遷移,污染物濃度迅速下降。在非正常工況的條件下,污染羽長度較小,污染范圍較小。而在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)工況的條件下,由于其初始濃度高,污染物擴(kuò)散面積較大且濃度較大。在污染物運(yùn)移50年后,污染物運(yùn)移至王舍人鎮(zhèn)西部。根據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果來看,一旦發(fā)生泄漏,對(duì)地下水水質(zhì)影響較為明顯,所以管道的防滲檢漏工作是不容忽視的。根據(jù)擬建項(xiàng)目對(duì)地下水的污染隱患情況并結(jié)合預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果,對(duì)擬建項(xiàng)目提出了分區(qū)防滲措施和監(jiān)測(cè)井布置措施。在裝置區(qū)、罐區(qū)、地下管道需采取必要的防滲措施。根據(jù)污染物運(yùn)移情況,考慮到下游敏感點(diǎn)和煉油廠潛在的污染源,為了能了解廠址周邊地下水水質(zhì)情況并能及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)污染,共布設(shè)四眼潛水監(jiān)測(cè)井。
[Abstract]:In the process of industrial development, the petroleum industry is irreplaceable. Oil pollution is becoming more and more serious in the petroleum industry. Oil pollutants can harm human health and can lead to cancer and genetic mutations. In the process of petroleum production, oil pollutants may enter the soil through leakage or oily sewage, and then directly or indirectly through rainfall into the aeration zone, and finally into the groundwater, and then cause a series of groundwater pollution. Seriously affect human health. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of petroleum pollutants on groundwater quality in the process of refinery upgrading. A refinery is located in Jinan, Shandong Province. According to the geological data and hydrogeological data, it can be found that the topography and geomorphology of the study area are mainly slope-alluvial plain, and its geological structure is a northerly monoclinal structure with Paleozoic strata as the main body. There are three types of water-bearing rocks in the area, the main type of which is carbonate fissure-karst water-bearing rock formation. In this paper, the influence of refinery upgrading on groundwater quality is studied. In order to improve the level of safety and environmental protection of the refinery, in order to realize the cleanliness of the processing process, the refinery reformed its catalytic cracking unit, flue gas denitrification system, S-zorb system and supporting facilities. The existing wastewater treatment and retrofit are analyzed. The main pollution hidden danger is leakage of sewage pipe. Oil pollutants and sulfides were not detected in groundwater monitoring around refineries. Soil samples were taken twice in the area where leakage may occur in the refinery. The results showed that no sulfides were detected, but the oil concentration was 0.04 mg / L. According to the hydrogeological and geological conditions of the study area, the corresponding three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow is established. Analysis of regional conditions, determination of simulated areas, generalization of aquifer and boundary conditions, establishment of hydrogeological conceptual model, identification and verification of the model to determine the parameters of the model, further establishment of solute transport model, Finally, the transport of pollutants under abnormal and risk conditions is predicted. The predicted results show that the transport of pollutants mainly moves north, north and west, and the initial maximum pollution concentration of each pollution factor is generally higher, but with the migration of time, the concentration of pollutants decreases rapidly. Under the condition of abnormal working condition, the length of pollution plume is smaller and the range of pollution is smaller. However, under the condition of risk condition, due to its high initial concentration, the pollutant diffusion area is larger and the concentration is larger. After 50 years of pollutant migration, pollutants moved to the west of Wangsherren Town. According to the forecast results, once leakage occurs, the influence on groundwater quality is obvious, so the leakage detection work of pipeline can not be ignored. According to the potential pollution of groundwater caused by the proposed project and combined with the forecast results, the paper puts forward the measures of partition seepage control and monitoring well arrangement for the proposed project. Necessary anti-seepage measures should be taken in installation area, tank area and underground pipeline. Considering the sensitive points in the downstream and the potential pollution sources of the refinery, in order to understand the groundwater quality around the plant site and detect the pollution in time, four phreatic monitoring wells were set up according to the pollutant transport situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X82

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本文編號(hào)：2340071