【摘要】：本文為系統(tǒng)研究南淝河的重金屬污染狀況,分別于豐水期、平水期和枯水期對南淝河水和沉積物進(jìn)行采樣,分析了南淝河水和沉積物重金屬的時(shí)空分布特征。主要對水和沉積物等環(huán)境介質(zhì)的重金屬總量和賦存形態(tài)特征進(jìn)行了討論,并依據(jù)單因子水質(zhì)標(biāo)識指數(shù)評價(jià)法和改進(jìn)后的模糊綜合污染指數(shù)評價(jià)法對南淝河水中重金屬進(jìn)行了污染評價(jià),依據(jù)地累積指數(shù)法和潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)法對南淝河沉積物重金屬總量進(jìn)行了污染評價(jià),結(jié)合P值風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)法和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估指數(shù)法對南淝河沉積物重金屬賦存形態(tài)進(jìn)行了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估,依據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)方法結(jié)合SPSS軟件,對南淝河重金屬進(jìn)行了污染溯源。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)水中各元素在不同水文時(shí)期含量變化情況基本一致,重金屬污染程度表現(xiàn)為豐水期平水期枯水期。(2)南淝河沉積物中各重金屬含量差異較大,同一元素在不同水文時(shí)期的含量差異較小。五種元素均存在超標(biāo)情況,Cd超標(biāo)情況最嚴(yán)重。各元素均以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)為主要賦存形態(tài),從殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)所占比例上看,As元素的活性最小,Cd元素活性最大。(3)單因子水質(zhì)標(biāo)識指數(shù)評價(jià)法和改進(jìn)后的模糊綜合評價(jià)法評價(jià)結(jié)果顯示Cd污染程度最高,Pb的污染程度僅次于Cd。地累積指數(shù)評價(jià)結(jié)果顯示各采樣點(diǎn)污染程度在清潔到輕度污染之間,五種元素中Cd元素污染程度最高。潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)評價(jià)結(jié)果顯示各采樣點(diǎn)均屬于中度生態(tài)危害水平,五種元素中僅Cd元素風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大。P值風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估指數(shù)法評價(jià)結(jié)果均顯示僅Cd元素風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平較高。因此Cd是五種重金屬元素中的主要污染因子。(4)結(jié)合水和沉積物的重金屬主成分分析結(jié)果可知,南淝河的主要重金屬污染來源是流域內(nèi)的農(nóng)藥化肥、機(jī)械制造和電鍍行業(yè)的廢水以及河道的行船。
[Abstract]:In order to study the pollution of heavy metals in Nanfeihe River, the heavy metals in Nanfeihe River and sediment were sampled in the periods of high water, normal water and dry water, and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in Nanfeihe river and sediment were analyzed. The contents and speciation characteristics of heavy metals in environmental media such as water and sediment are discussed. The pollution of heavy metals in Nanfeihe River was evaluated according to the single factor water quality index evaluation method and the improved fuzzy comprehensive pollution index evaluation method. Based on the soil accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method, the pollution assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of Nanfeihe River was carried out, and the occurrence forms of heavy metals in the sediments of the Nanfeihe River were evaluated by combining the P value risk assessment method and the risk assessment index method. Based on the mathematical method and SPSS software, the pollution source of heavy metals in Nanfeihe River was traced. The results show that: (1) the variation of the contents of elements in water is basically the same in different hydrological periods, and the pollution degree of heavy metals is the dry season in the high water period. (2) the content of heavy metals in the sediments of Nanfeihe River is different greatly. The content of the same element in different hydrological periods is less different. All of the five elements are in excess of the standard, and Cd is the most serious. The residual state was the main occurrence form of each element, and the activity of As element was the lowest in the proportion of residual state. (3) single factor water quality index evaluation method and improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method showed that Cd pollution degree was the highest, and Pb pollution degree was second only to Cd.. The result of ground accumulation index evaluation showed that the pollution degree of each sampling point was between clean and light pollution, and the pollution degree of Cd element was the highest among the five elements. The results of potential ecological risk index evaluation showed that all the sampling points belonged to moderate ecological hazard level, and only Cd elements of the five elements were at greater risk. P value risk assessment and risk assessment index method showed that only Cd element risk level was higher. Therefore, Cd is the main pollution factor of five heavy metal elements. (4) combined with the analysis of heavy metals in water and sediment, the main heavy metal pollution source of Nanfeihe River is pesticide and chemical fertilizer in the basin. Machinery manufacturing and electroplating industry waste water and river boat.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X522;X824

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