【摘要】：河湖底泥的疏浚工程因?yàn)槭褂媒g吸式的疏浚方式,底泥與水混合后變成大量高含水率的泥漿。為了減少泥漿的體積,對(duì)泥水進(jìn)行分離就顯得非常重要。在將泥漿中水分抽濾分離的過(guò)程中,經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)生堵塞,產(chǎn)生了抽濾效果低,抽濾不能持續(xù)的問(wèn)題。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,研究了不同泥漿粒徑分布、泥漿的初始含水率、土工布的孔徑、真空負(fù)壓以及添加絮凝劑對(duì)泥水分離效果的影響,探討了堵塞的機(jī)理。發(fā)現(xiàn)了由土工布過(guò)濾形成的泥皮的滲透系數(shù)將成為制約脫水效果的主要因素,當(dāng)形成堵塞性泥皮時(shí),其他因素如土工布的孔徑、泥漿初始含水率等對(duì)脫水的影響可以忽略。添加絮凝劑會(huì)使顆粒聚團(tuán)從而提高泥皮滲透系數(shù)是泥水分離變好的原因,并且絮凝泥漿中較小的團(tuán)粒粒徑?jīng)Q定了泥皮的滲透系數(shù),因此可以通過(guò)檢測(cè)絮凝后泥漿中較小團(tuán)粒的粒徑如D_(10),D_(15),D_(20)的方式比選絮凝劑、決定最優(yōu)添加量、預(yù)測(cè)脫水效果。添加絮凝劑對(duì)泥漿中結(jié)合水含量的改變影響較小,因此認(rèn)為絮凝使水分結(jié)合方式的改變并不影響泥水分離的效果。
[Abstract]:In the dredging engineering of river and lake sediment, the mixing of sediment and water becomes a large amount of mud with high moisture content. In order to reduce the volume of mud, it is very important to separate mud water. In the process of separating water from mud, blockage often occurs, which leads to the problem of low filtration effect and unsustainable drainage. In order to solve this problem, the effects of different slurry particle size distribution, initial moisture content of mud, pore diameter of geotextile, vacuum negative pressure and adding flocculant on the separation efficiency of mud water were studied, and the mechanism of plugging was discussed. It is found that the permeability coefficient of the mud skin formed by geotextile filtration will be the main factor restricting the dehydration effect. When the clogged mud skin is formed, the influence of other factors such as the pore size of the geotextile and the initial moisture content of the mud on the dehydration can be neglected. Adding flocculant can increase the permeability coefficient of mud crust, which is the reason for the better separation of mud water, and the smaller particle size of flocculant slurry determines the permeability coefficient of mud skin. Therefore, the optimum dosage of flocculant can be determined and the dehydration effect can be predicted by detecting the particle size of smaller aggregates such as D10, D15 and D20 in the slurry after flocculation. The addition of flocculant has little effect on the change of binding water content in mud, so it is considered that the change of water binding mode caused by flocculation does not affect the separation effect of mud water.
【作者單位】： 河海大學(xué)巖土力學(xué)與堤壩工程教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;河海大學(xué)環(huán)境學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(“973”計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2015CB057803) 國(guó)家科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2013ZX07113001) 科技基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(BM2013013)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X703

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