發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-05 18:16

【摘要】：土地荒漠化作為最嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)問(wèn)題之一,給生態(tài)環(huán)境、資源等帶來(lái)巨大的危害,制約著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人民群眾生活水平的提高,甚至危及到居民的生存,是阻礙一個(gè)地區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素。準(zhǔn)確地對(duì)荒漠化進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),及時(shí)、有效掌握荒漠化變化動(dòng)態(tài)及驅(qū)動(dòng)因素,對(duì)指導(dǎo)荒漠化防治決策有重要的意義。川西高原位于四川西部,是四川荒漠化最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)之一,本文根據(jù)荒漠化定義,在前人對(duì)荒漠化評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)選取原則的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合川西高原荒漠化實(shí)際情況,對(duì)川西高原荒漠化進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),并分析了川西高原2001-2014年荒漠時(shí)空變化特征和驅(qū)動(dòng)力,主要成果和結(jié)論如下:(1)從植被、地形、土壤、氣候四個(gè)方面選取了植被覆蓋度、坡度、土壤質(zhì)地、濕潤(rùn)指數(shù)構(gòu)建了荒漠化評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,并對(duì)川西高原荒漠化進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),得到該地區(qū)2001-2014年荒漠化空間分布。大部分荒漠化地區(qū)分布于沙魯里山以西及其附近和巴顏克拉山北部以及大雪山、邛崍山、岷山等地區(qū)。(2)2001-2014年荒漠化逆轉(zhuǎn)面積約8745.81km~2,占研究區(qū)面積的3.51%,荒漠化發(fā)展為4666.50km~2,占研究區(qū)面積的1.87%。其中,重度荒漠化面積年均變化率最大,輕度和中度變化率較小,但輕度和中度荒漠化土地在14年內(nèi)的變化面積、轉(zhuǎn)移速率均較大,而重度荒漠化面積的變化面積、轉(zhuǎn)移速率較小,輕度、中度和重度荒漠化均呈減少趨勢(shì),說(shuō)明這14年自然環(huán)境的在逐漸改善,且輕度荒漠化土地和中度荒漠化土地對(duì)該時(shí)期環(huán)境變化的響應(yīng)最大。(3)不同高程下,荒漠化分布不同。海拔高的地區(qū)由于山頂積雪和冰川堆積,以及積雪和冰川融化對(duì)該地區(qū)的侵蝕作用,使該區(qū)域內(nèi)植被覆蓋極少,存在著大量荒漠化,海拔較低的地區(qū)植被生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境較好,受到侵蝕作用較小,荒漠化較少。(4)川西高原荒漠化主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力有自然和人為兩種,自然驅(qū)動(dòng)因素對(duì)荒漠化變化的貢獻(xiàn)率較低,人為驅(qū)動(dòng)因素貢獻(xiàn)率較大。不同海拔下,自然和人文因素對(duì)其貢獻(xiàn)率不同,海拔越高的地區(qū)荒漠化變化受人為因素影響越小,自然因素影響越大。在人口素質(zhì)的不斷提高和國(guó)家政策的鼓勵(lì)下,川西高原環(huán)境在人為作用下不斷得到改善,荒漠化逐漸減少。
[Abstract]:As one of the most serious ecological problems, land desertification brings great harm to the ecological environment and resources, restricts the social and economic development and the improvement of the people's living standard, and even endangers the survival of the residents. It is an important factor that hinders the sustainable development of a region. It is of great significance to evaluate desertification accurately and to grasp the dynamic and driving factors of desertification change in time and effectively. The western Sichuan Plateau is located in the western part of Sichuan Province, and is one of the most serious desertification areas in Sichuan. According to the definition of desertification, this paper combines the actual situation of desertification in the western Sichuan Plateau on the basis of the principle of selecting desertification evaluation index by predecessors. The desertification in western Sichuan Plateau is evaluated, and the characteristics and driving forces of desert temporal and spatial variation in West Sichuan Plateau from 2001 to 2014 are analyzed. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) vegetation coverage is selected from four aspects: vegetation, topography, soil and climate. The evaluation index system of desertification was constructed by slope, soil texture and moisture index, and the spatial distribution of desertification in West Sichuan Plateau was obtained from 2001 to 2014. Most of the desertification areas are located in the west of and near the Shaluli Mountains and the northern part of the Bayankra Mountains, as well as in the regions of Daxue Mountain, Qionglai Mountain and Minshan Mountains. (2) the area of desertification reversal in 2001-2014 is about 8745.81 km2, accounting for 3.51% of the study area. Desertification develops to 4666.50 km2, accounting for 1.87% of the study area. Among them, the average annual change rate of severe desertification area is the largest, while the change rate of light and moderate desertification area is small, but the change area and transfer rate of light and moderate desertification land in 14 years are larger, but the change area of heavy desertification area is larger. The rate of transfer is low, and the trend of slight, moderate and severe desertification is decreasing, which indicates that the natural environment is gradually improving in the past 14 years. The response of light desertification land and moderate desertification land to the environmental change in this period is the largest. (3) the desertification distribution is different under different heights. High altitude areas, due to the accumulation of snow and glaciers at the top of the mountain and the erosion of the region by the melting of snow and glaciers, result in very little vegetation cover in the region, large amounts of desertification, and a better vegetation growth environment in areas with lower elevations, (4) the main driving forces of desertification in western Sichuan Plateau are natural and man-made, the contribution rate of natural driving factors to desertification change is low, and the contribution rate of human driving factors is larger. At different elevations, the contribution rate of natural and human factors is different. The higher the altitude is, the smaller the influence of human factors is, and the greater the influence of natural factors is. With the continuous improvement of population quality and the encouragement of national policy, the environment of western Sichuan plateau is improved continuously under the artificial action, and desertification is gradually reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X171

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本文編號(hào)：2312936