【摘要】：氮磷是造成水體富營養(yǎng)化的主要元素,污水處理廠中的尾水需要進(jìn)一步處理,以適應(yīng)目前對尾水排放的新要求。人工濕地技術(shù)是一種成本低、效果好、維護(hù)簡單的污水處理技術(shù)。目前對人工濕地的研究多集中在小試階段,對大型的人工濕地工程的運(yùn)行效果的研究較少。冬季去除效果較差,一直是限制人工濕地推廣的一個重要因素。本文以臨安污水處理廠尾水高效復(fù)合植物生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為研究對象,分析了大型人工濕地工程在運(yùn)行前兩年的污水處理效果,研究了冬季大棚保溫和復(fù)合基質(zhì)對人工濕地氮磷的去除效果。取得的主要研究成果如下：1.高效復(fù)合植物生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對污水處理廠的尾水具有良好的凈化作用,對NH4+-N、NO3--N和TN的兩年平均去除率分別達(dá)到了78.1%、32.7%、37.8%,對TP和COD的兩年平均去除率分別為77.2%和45.6%。高效復(fù)合植物生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在運(yùn)行的第二年,對COD和氮素的去除率達(dá)到穩(wěn)定水平,而對總磷的去除率在第一年就達(dá)到了穩(wěn)定。夏季濕地對各污染物去除效果最佳。2.具有大棚保護(hù)的復(fù)合植物生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在低溫條件下仍然能夠保持較高的污染物去除率,在溫度較低的12月、1月和2月,系統(tǒng)對氨氮、硝態(tài)氮和總氮的平均去除率分別達(dá)到了68%、34%和39%,對總磷和COD的平均去除率分別達(dá)到了87%和34%。在低溫季節(jié),添加大棚能夠顯著提高氮、磷和COD的去除率,提高冬季系統(tǒng)對污染物的去除能力,保持系統(tǒng)全年高效的運(yùn)行。3.在磷的去除方面,等溫吸附實驗表明：Langmuir方程能夠很好的描述沸石、紅頁巖和鋼渣對氮、磷的吸附過程。吸附動力學(xué)實驗表明：一級動力學(xué)方程和二級動力學(xué)方程對沸石、紅頁巖和鋼渣對氮、磷的吸附動力學(xué)過程描述最準(zhǔn)確。具有沸石的組合填料對氨氮的吸附效果最好,去除率在90%以上,具有鋼渣的組合填料對磷的吸附效果最好,去除率在99%以上。沸石+鋼渣+紅頁巖的組合具有良好的脫氮除磷能力。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen and phosphorus are the main elements that lead to eutrophication of water body. The tailings in wastewater treatment plant need to be further treated in order to meet the new requirements of tailings discharge. Constructed wetland technology is a low cost, good effect, simple maintenance of sewage treatment technology. At present, the research on constructed wetland is mostly in the small trial stage, but the research on the operation effect of the large-scale constructed wetland project is less than that of the large scale constructed wetland project. The poor removal effect in winter has been an important factor limiting the popularization of constructed wetland. In this paper, the effect of sewage treatment of large constructed wetland project in two years before operation was analyzed by taking the plant ecosystem of high efficiency and high efficiency in tail water of Lin'an sewage treatment plant as the research object. The effect of greenhouse heat preservation and composite substrate on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in constructed wetland in winter was studied. The main research results are as follows: 1. The high efficiency compound plant ecosystem has good purifying effect on the tail water of the sewage treatment plant. The average removal rate of NH4-Nno 3-N and TN in two years has reached 78. 1% and 32. 7% and 37. 8%, respectively. The average removal rates of TP and COD were 77.2% and 45.6% respectively. In the second year of operation, the removal rate of COD and nitrogen reached a stable level, while the removal rate of total phosphorus reached a stable level in the first year. The summer wetland has the best effect on the removal of pollutants. 2. The compound plant ecosystem with greenhouse protection can still maintain a high pollutant removal rate at low temperature, and in December, January and February, the system has a higher removal rate of ammonia nitrogen. The average removal rates of nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen reached 68% and 39% respectively. The average removal rates of total phosphorus and COD reached 87% and 34% respectively. In the low temperature season, the addition of greenhouse can significantly improve the removal rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD, improve the removal ability of pollutants in winter system, and keep the system running efficiently all year round. In the aspect of phosphorus removal, the isothermal adsorption experiments show that the Langmuir equation can well describe the adsorption process of nitrogen and phosphorus on zeolite, red shale and steel slag. The adsorption kinetics experiments show that the first order kinetic equation and the second order kinetic equation are the most accurate description of the adsorption kinetic process of zeolite, red shale and steel slag for nitrogen and phosphorus. The combined packing with zeolite has the best adsorption efficiency for ammonia nitrogen, the removal rate is more than 90%, and the combined filler with steel slag has the best adsorption effect on phosphorus, and the removal rate is above 99%. The combination of zeolite steel slag red shale has good denitrification and phosphorus removal ability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X703

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