【摘要】：山區(qū)大規(guī)模的鐵路建設(shè)產(chǎn)生了大量的巖石邊坡,前期研究表明邊坡創(chuàng)面人工土壤受Pb污染,且有中等程度的富集。土壤類型、植被搭配類型是影響Pb遷移特性的重要因素,而目前卻未見人工土壤及植被搭配類型對Pb遷移特性影響的相關(guān)報(bào)道。該研究以鐵路巖石邊坡創(chuàng)面人工土壤為對象,利用原子吸收分光光度法、紅外光譜法分析了人工土壤對Pb的吸附-解吸特性及機(jī)制;運(yùn)用野外人工模擬降雨實(shí)驗(yàn),進(jìn)一步考察在暴雨徑流作用下,Pb在不同植被搭配類型的邊坡人工土壤中的遷移過程。結(jié)果表明人工土壤對Pb的吸附量隨著溶液平衡濃度的增加而急速增加,等溫曲線呈"S"型,Freundlich方程能較好地描述人工土壤對Pb的吸附行為,R2為0.91。二次冪函數(shù)方程能較好描述NH_4AC對鉛的解吸過程,R2為0.96。人工土壤有高嶺石紅外光譜特征吸收峰,屬于高嶺石型圖譜。高嶺石表面—OH、腐殖質(zhì)表面—OH和—COOH參與吸附作用,置換出H+。人工土壤易將交通運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)生的Pb固定,但又容易再次釋放。不同植被搭配類型邊坡Pb流失量表現(xiàn)為草本草本+灌木草本+灌木+喬木。暴雨徑流作用下Pb隨沉積物相流失是邊坡創(chuàng)面人工土壤Pb流失的主體,邊坡土壤的侵蝕是導(dǎo)致Pb遷移擴(kuò)散的主要原因,因此促進(jìn)邊坡植被的恢復(fù),減小邊坡人工土壤的侵蝕作用是防止Pb遷移擴(kuò)散的關(guān)鍵。
[Abstract]:A large number of rock slopes have been produced by the large-scale railway construction in mountainous areas. Previous studies show that the artificial soil on the slope surface is polluted by Pb and has a moderate enrichment. Soil type, vegetation collocation type is an important factor affecting the characteristics of Pb migration, but there is no report on the effect of artificial soil and vegetation collocation type on Pb migration characteristics. In this study, the characteristics and mechanism of Pb adsorption and desorption in artificial soil were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and infrared spectroscopy, and the artificial soil was used to simulate rainfall in the field. The migration process of Pb in slope artificial soil with different vegetation collocation types was further investigated under the action of rainstorm runoff. The results showed that the amount of Pb adsorbed by artificial soil increased rapidly with the increase of equilibrium concentration of solution, and the isothermal curve was of "S" type. Freundlich equation could describe the adsorption behavior of Pb on artificial soil with R2 = 0.91. The quadratic power function equation can better describe the desorption process of lead by NH_4AC, R2 is 0.96. The artificial soil has the characteristic absorption peak of kaolinite infrared spectrum, which belongs to the kaolinite type map. The surface of kaolinite-OH, humus surface-OH and-COOH participated in the adsorption and replaced H. The Pb produced by transportation is easily fixed by artificial soil, but easily released again. The Pb loss of slope with different vegetation collocation type was herbaceous shrub tree. Under the action of rainstorm runoff, Pb loss with sediment phase is the main body of Pb loss in artificial soil of slope wound, and the soil erosion of slope is the main cause of Pb migration and diffusion, so it promotes the restoration of slope vegetation. Reducing soil erosion is the key to prevent Pb migration and diffusion.
【作者單位】： 成都醫(yī)學(xué)院公共衛(wèi)生系;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41501112) 四川省教育廳重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(16ZA0279)資助
【分類號】：X131.3

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