【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境是人類賴以生存的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),是實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要保證,隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展、人類對(duì)自然資源過(guò)度利用,許多生態(tài)環(huán)境出現(xiàn)退化問(wèn)題,由此引起的大氣、土壤、水文等生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題也在不斷擴(kuò)大和加劇。飲馬河流域位于吉林省中西部,范圍跨長(zhǎng)春市全區(qū)、吉林市和四平市部分地區(qū),自上游向下游匯入的主要支流包括:雙陽(yáng)河、岔路河、小南河、霧開(kāi)河、伊通河。其中,最大支流伊通河流域面積占半。全流域人口總數(shù)800.9萬(wàn),城鎮(zhèn)化率為68.4%,流域生態(tài)狀況對(duì)城市發(fā)展,人民生活至關(guān)重要。本文結(jié)合飲馬河土地利用和實(shí)際情況,選取地形地貌、大氣環(huán)境、水文條件、土壤條件、人類活動(dòng)、社會(huì)資源6個(gè)二級(jí)指標(biāo),選取高程、坡度、年平均降水量、工業(yè)廢氣排放量廢水污水排放量、氨氮排放量、土壤pH值、土地利用方式、道路影響范圍、人口密度、人均可支配收入、人均公共綠地面積等28個(gè)三級(jí)指標(biāo),構(gòu)建飲馬河流域生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性指標(biāo)體系。懫用層次分析法確定指標(biāo)權(quán)重,在GIS技術(shù)支持下,通過(guò)加權(quán)疊加法分析研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性。利用ArcGIS技術(shù)強(qiáng)大的空間分析功能,將圖形處理與空間數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算結(jié)合,生成敏感性評(píng)價(jià)圖,評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果直觀,為生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性分析提供了技術(shù)支持。對(duì)飲馬河流域生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性進(jìn)行面積統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,得出以下結(jié)論:流域內(nèi)極敏感地區(qū)面積為2.33×103km2,占流域面積1.37%,高度敏感區(qū)域面積為4.94×103km2,占流域面積29.03%,中度敏感區(qū)面積為4.59×103km2,占流域面積26.97%,低度敏感區(qū)面積為5.75×103km2,占流域面積33.82%,不敏感地區(qū)面積為1.5×103km2,占流域面積的8.81%。并通過(guò)分析不同敏感程度區(qū)域生態(tài)問(wèn)題及形成因素,提出了改善該飲馬河流域生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性的對(duì)策和建議。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment is the material foundation on which human beings depend for survival and an important guarantee for the realization of sustainable development. With the development of society and the over-utilization of natural resources by human beings, many ecological environment has been degraded, resulting in the atmosphere and soil. Ecological and environmental problems such as hydrology are also expanding and intensifying. The Yinma River Basin is located in the central and western Jilin Province, covering the whole area of Changchun, Jilin and Siping. The main tributaries from upstream to downstream include Shuangyang River, Chalu River, Xiaonan River, Wukai River and Yitong River. Among them, the largest tributary Yitong River basin area accounts for half. The total population of the whole basin is 8.009 million and the urbanization rate is 68.4. The ecological condition of the basin is very important to the development of the city and the life of the people. Combined with the land use and actual conditions of the Yinma River, this paper selects six secondary indexes of topography, atmospheric environment, hydrological condition, soil condition, human activity, social resources, height, slope, annual average precipitation, etc. Industrial waste gas discharge wastewater discharge, ammonia nitrogen discharge, soil pH value, land use mode, road influence range, population density, per capita disposable income, per capita public green area, etc. The ecological environment sensitivity index system of Yinma River Basin was constructed. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the index weight. With the support of GIS technology, the eco-environmental sensitivity of the study area was analyzed by weighted superposition method. By using the powerful spatial analysis function of ArcGIS technology, the graph processing and spatial data operation are combined to generate the sensitivity evaluation map. The evaluation result is intuitionistic and provides the technical support for the ecological environment sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity of ecological environment in Yinma River Basin was analyzed by area statistics. The following conclusions are drawn: the area of extremely sensitive area in the basin is 2.33 脳 103 km2, accounting for 1.37 km2, the area of highly sensitive area is 4.94 脳 103 km2, the area of middle sensitive area is 29.03, the area of moderate sensitive area is 4.59 脳 103 km2, the area of low sensitive area is 5.75 脳 103 km ~ 2, and the area of low sensitive area is 5.75 脳 10 ~ 3 km ~ 2, accounting for the basin area. The area of insensitive area is 1.5 脳 10 ~ 3 km ~ 2, accounting for 8.81% of the basin area. Based on the analysis of the ecological problems in different sensitive regions and the forming factors, the countermeasures and suggestions for improving the ecological environmental sensitivity of the Yinma River basin were put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X826

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