我國村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾焚燒處置特性及其煙氣中PAHs和BTEXs的人體健康風(fēng)險研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-07 20:08
【摘要】：我國農(nóng)村生活垃圾正面臨著“垃圾圍村”的窘境,我國村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾的處理處置處于起步階段,相關(guān)配套的村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾處理處置設(shè)施及長效運行管理辦法還有待跟進,以至于我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了諸如垃圾露天焚燒的方式進行減量。鑒于研究及解決我國農(nóng)村生活垃圾管理及處理處置辦法的必要性,以及鮮有關(guān)于我國村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾露天焚燒對人體健康風(fēng)險的研究。為此,研究于2015年3、6、9、12月對我國南方、北方各6個省份典型村鎮(zhèn)的生活垃圾產(chǎn)生源處進行采樣并送回實驗室分析,采樣點設(shè)置為每個省/市下選擇3個鎮(zhèn),每個鎮(zhèn)下選擇1個村,共計72個采樣點,本研究分析項包括村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾組分質(zhì)量百分數(shù)、含水率、熱值。在我國村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾基本特性的基礎(chǔ)之上,進行垃圾組分的熱處理研究,包括垃圾組分的熱重實驗研究以及設(shè)定相關(guān)影響垃圾焚燒因素條件后垃圾焚燒煙氣中多環(huán)芳烴和苯系物釋放強度研究。最后,根據(jù)我國農(nóng)村人口居住區(qū)的規(guī)模,選取我國湖北省下的鄉(xiāng)村進行垃圾露天焚燒人體健康風(fēng)險評估。研究結(jié)論如下:我國村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾組分呈現(xiàn):有害類金屬類(5%)木竹類玻璃類織物類磚瓦類(15%)紙類橡塑類25%灰土類(26%)廚余類(34%);南方、北方村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾含水率分別為:(40.09±5.23)%和(30.48±10.21)%;村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾經(jīng)分選分流后得到的可燃組分垃圾熱值多數(shù)大于3 500 kJ·kg~(-1),僅在我國南方部分地區(qū)的生活垃圾即使經(jīng)過分選后熱值仍較低,若采取焚燒處置則需加強垃圾焚燒前的前處理工藝;我國村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾露天焚燒時,焚燒煙氣中PAHs和BTEXs的源強分別為:(74.80～467.71)mg·kg~(-1)和(22.42～61.21)mg·kg~(-1);村鎮(zhèn)生活垃圾露天焚燒(其焚燒煙氣中PAHs和BTEXs的釋放強度選自實驗室400 ℃條件下的值)場景分別出現(xiàn)在離散型村莊、密集型村莊、“城鄉(xiāng)一體化型”鄉(xiāng)村時,垃圾焚燒煙氣通過人體呼吸途徑作用于肺部,評估選定的居民活動范圍內(nèi)均存在不同程度的致癌風(fēng)險。具體為:從PAHs、BTEXs角度得出離散型村莊生活垃圾池內(nèi)生活垃圾露天焚燒對暴露人群不存在致癌風(fēng)險,但從露天焚燒垃圾Dioxins的釋放強度進行風(fēng)險評估時,存在致癌風(fēng)險;密集型村莊、“城鄉(xiāng)一體化”型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)露天焚燒生活垃圾均存在致癌風(fēng)險;對農(nóng)村生活垃圾采取小型焚燒爐(其焚燒煙氣中PAHs和BTEXs的釋放強度選自實驗室850 ℃條件下的值)進行焚燒處置(無煙氣處理設(shè)施),垃圾處理量為2.07 t·h~(-1),日運行時間為10 h,煙氣排放高度為5 m,由焚燒煙氣中的PAHs和BTEXs導(dǎo)致的致癌風(fēng)險影響范圍約在下風(fēng)向1 km～1.1 km處。對小型焚燒爐加以煙氣處理設(shè)施,當(dāng)煙氣處理率為90%時,致癌風(fēng)險范圍在下風(fēng)向300 m內(nèi),當(dāng)處理率為99%時,對周圍環(huán)境則不存在致癌風(fēng)險。
[Abstract]:China's rural domestic waste is facing the dilemma of "garbage surrounding villages". The disposal and disposal of village and town domestic waste is in its infancy, and the related supporting facilities and long-term operation management methods have yet to be followed up. So that in rural areas of China, such as open-air incineration of garbage to reduce the number of ways. In view of the necessity of studying and solving the management and disposal methods of rural domestic refuse in China, there are few studies on the risk of open burning of domestic refuse to human health in villages and towns in China. Therefore, in December 2015, samples were collected from typical villages and towns in six provinces of the south and north of China and sent back to the laboratory for analysis. The sampling points were set up to select 3 towns per province / city and 1 village under each town. A total of 72 sampling points were collected. The analysis items included mass percentage, moisture content and caloric value of MSW in villages and towns. On the basis of the basic characteristics of domestic refuse in villages and towns in China, the heat treatment of garbage components was studied. It includes the thermogravimetric experiments of MSW components and the study on the release intensity of PAHs and benzene series in flue gas of MSW incineration after setting the relevant factors affecting MSW incineration. Finally, according to the scale of rural population residential area in China, the village of Hubei Province is selected to assess the health risk of MSW in open burning. The results are as follows: the components of domestic garbage in villages and towns of China are: harmful metal (5%), wood, bamboo, glass, fabric, brick and tile (15%), paper, rubber and plastic, 25% lime-soil, kitchen residue (34%), southern China, The moisture content of the municipal solid waste (MSW) was (40.09 鹵5.23)% and (30.48 鹵10.21), the calorific value of the combustible waste was more than 3 500 kJ kg~ (-1), only in some parts of southern China, the calorific value of MSW was still low. If incineration is adopted, the pretreatment process before incineration should be strengthened. The source strengths of PAHs and BTEXs in incineration smoke were (74.80 / 467.71) mg kg~ (-1) and (22.42 / 61.21) mg kg~ (-1), respectively. In intensive villages, "urban-rural integration" villages, waste incineration flue gas acts on the lungs through human breathing pathways, and evaluates the risk of cancer in different degrees within the selected range of residents' activities. The results are as follows: from the point of view of PAHs,BTEXs, open burning of MSW in discrete village MSW pool has no carcinogenic risk to exposed population, but there is carcinogenic risk when evaluating the release intensity of Dioxins from open burning of MSW. "Urban-rural integration" type of open burning of MSW in townships has carcinogenic risks; The small scale incinerator (the release intensity of PAHs and BTEXs in the incineration flue gas is selected from the value at 850 鈩，
本文編號：2255513
[Abstract]:China's rural domestic waste is facing the dilemma of "garbage surrounding villages". The disposal and disposal of village and town domestic waste is in its infancy, and the related supporting facilities and long-term operation management methods have yet to be followed up. So that in rural areas of China, such as open-air incineration of garbage to reduce the number of ways. In view of the necessity of studying and solving the management and disposal methods of rural domestic refuse in China, there are few studies on the risk of open burning of domestic refuse to human health in villages and towns in China. Therefore, in December 2015, samples were collected from typical villages and towns in six provinces of the south and north of China and sent back to the laboratory for analysis. The sampling points were set up to select 3 towns per province / city and 1 village under each town. A total of 72 sampling points were collected. The analysis items included mass percentage, moisture content and caloric value of MSW in villages and towns. On the basis of the basic characteristics of domestic refuse in villages and towns in China, the heat treatment of garbage components was studied. It includes the thermogravimetric experiments of MSW components and the study on the release intensity of PAHs and benzene series in flue gas of MSW incineration after setting the relevant factors affecting MSW incineration. Finally, according to the scale of rural population residential area in China, the village of Hubei Province is selected to assess the health risk of MSW in open burning. The results are as follows: the components of domestic garbage in villages and towns of China are: harmful metal (5%), wood, bamboo, glass, fabric, brick and tile (15%), paper, rubber and plastic, 25% lime-soil, kitchen residue (34%), southern China, The moisture content of the municipal solid waste (MSW) was (40.09 鹵5.23)% and (30.48 鹵10.21), the calorific value of the combustible waste was more than 3 500 kJ kg~ (-1), only in some parts of southern China, the calorific value of MSW was still low. If incineration is adopted, the pretreatment process before incineration should be strengthened. The source strengths of PAHs and BTEXs in incineration smoke were (74.80 / 467.71) mg kg~ (-1) and (22.42 / 61.21) mg kg~ (-1), respectively. In intensive villages, "urban-rural integration" villages, waste incineration flue gas acts on the lungs through human breathing pathways, and evaluates the risk of cancer in different degrees within the selected range of residents' activities. The results are as follows: from the point of view of PAHs,BTEXs, open burning of MSW in discrete village MSW pool has no carcinogenic risk to exposed population, but there is carcinogenic risk when evaluating the release intensity of Dioxins from open burning of MSW. "Urban-rural integration" type of open burning of MSW in townships has carcinogenic risks; The small scale incinerator (the release intensity of PAHs and BTEXs in the incineration flue gas is selected from the value at 850 鈩，
本文編號：2255513
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