【摘要】：高氯酸鹽(ClO_4~ )是一種小分子量、有毒的無(wú)機(jī)絡(luò)陰離子,普遍存在于環(huán)境中。由于其分子大小與碘離子相似而干擾人體甲狀腺的正常功能,因此其環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。本文以ClO_4~ 為目標(biāo)污染物,主要利用柱實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究方法,開(kāi)展強(qiáng)化ClO_4~ 自然衰減的研究。模擬自然環(huán)境,考察了粒狀鐵、硫磺、松樹(shù)皮分別作為電子供體強(qiáng)化ClO_4~ 自然衰減的可行性、持久性以及不同環(huán)境因素對(duì)強(qiáng)化過(guò)程的影響,為地下水環(huán)境中ClO_4~-原位修復(fù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用提供理論指導(dǎo)和數(shù)據(jù)支持。研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下:⑴在含水介質(zhì)中,ClO_4~-自然衰減過(guò)程主要依靠微生物作用,但過(guò)程緩慢且還原量有限,長(zhǎng)期的去除效果不超過(guò)10%,限制因素就是缺乏電子供體。⑵粒狀鐵、硫磺、松樹(shù)皮均可以強(qiáng)化Cl O_4~-自然衰減,該強(qiáng)化過(guò)程微生物呈現(xiàn)很強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)能力。根據(jù)氯元素平衡計(jì)算表明ClO_4~-幾乎全部被還原為Cl-,沒(méi)有其他氯代產(chǎn)物生成。⑶粒狀鐵強(qiáng)化的體系由于鐵的鈍化作用,長(zhǎng)期去除率不超過(guò)70%;硫磺強(qiáng)化體系在缺乏地下水的階段去除率不超過(guò)60%,通入地下水后去除率保持在100%;有機(jī)碳源松樹(shù)皮強(qiáng)化體系,ClO_4~-去除率幾乎都在100%,是一種比較理想的電子供體。⑷地下水環(huán)境中ClO_4~-和NO_3~-的還原存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用。當(dāng)電子供體充足時(shí),二者的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用并不明顯,均可以迅速的去除;當(dāng)電子供體不足時(shí),NO_3~-會(huì)優(yōu)先于ClO_4~-的降解,只有NO_3~-低于10 mg/L時(shí),ClO_4~-才開(kāi)始明顯的降解。⑸雖然地下水化學(xué)成分的部分陰離子對(duì)ClO_4~-的降解存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用,但地下水中的化學(xué)成分仍舊是ClO_4~-自然衰減的必要條件,對(duì)ClO_4~-自然衰減過(guò)程有促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:Perchlorate (ClO_4~) is a small molecular weight, toxic inorganic complex anion, which exists in the environment. Because its molecular size is similar to iodine ion, it interferes with the normal function of human thyroid. In this paper, the natural attenuation of ClO_4~ is studied by means of column experiment. The natural environment was simulated, and the feasibility of enhancing the natural attenuation of ClO_4~ with granular iron, sulfur and pine bark as electron donors was investigated, and the effects of different environmental factors on the enhancement process were also investigated. It provides theoretical guidance and data support for the application of ClO_4~- in situ remediation in groundwater environment. The contents and results of the study are as follows: 1 in aqueous medium, the natural decay process mainly depends on the action of microorganism, but the process is slow and the reduction amount is limited, the long-term removal effect is not more than 100.The limiting factor is the lack of the electron donor .2 granular iron, Sulfur and pine bark could enhance Cl O _ 4 attenuation, and the microbes showed strong adaptability. According to the equilibrium calculation of chlorine elements, almost all of ClO_4~- was reduced to Cl-, without any other chlorinated products to form the system strengthened by 3.3-grain iron due to the passivation of iron. The long-term removal rate is not more than 70; the removal rate of sulfur enhancement system is no more than 60 during the period of groundwater shortage, and the removal rate is kept at 100 after entering groundwater. The organic carbon source pine bark enhancement system has almost 100 removal rates, which is a comparative principle. The reduction of ClO_4~- and NO_3~- in the groundwater environment of electron donor 4. 4 is competitive. When the electron donor is sufficient, the competition between the two is not obvious and can be removed quickly. When the electron donor is insufficient, no _ 3s-will take precedence over the degradation of ClO_4~-. Only when the NO_3~- is less than 10 mg/L does the biodegradation begin to be obvious. Although some anions of the chemical constituents of groundwater compete for the degradation of ClO_4~-, the chemical composition in groundwater is still a necessary condition for the natural decay of ClO_4~-. It can promote the natural decay process of ClO_4~-.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X523

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