發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-11 16:13

【摘要】：在污水處理中大量使用的絮凝劑對(duì)污水處理過程產(chǎn)生了一定的毒性影響,處理后的污水中也會(huì)殘留部分絮凝劑相關(guān)成分,不合理的絮凝劑用量可能會(huì)對(duì)污水處理的效果有壞的影響,使得成本增加,因此了解絮凝劑對(duì)污水處理系統(tǒng)的毒性,并且使應(yīng)用到污水處理中絮凝劑的用量合理化是十分必要的,能有效減小因絮凝劑的使用對(duì)污水處理系統(tǒng)造成的危害,并減少排放到自然水體中絮凝劑的量,減小二次污染。為了研究絮凝劑對(duì)污泥活性的影響,本課題研究了污水處理過程中常用的幾類絮凝劑對(duì)污水處理系統(tǒng)中活性污泥活性指標(biāo)產(chǎn)生的影響,分別選取硫酸鐵(FS)、聚合硫酸鐵(PFS)、聚合硅酸硫酸鐵(PFSS)、氯化鋁(AlCl3)、聚合氯化鋁(PAC)、聚合硅酸氯化鋁(PASC)、陰離子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)、陽離子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)、殼聚糖(CTS)作為無機(jī)絮凝劑和有機(jī)絮凝劑的代表物,采用呼吸速率、脫氫酶活性、硝化速率三種活性污泥中微生物活性指標(biāo)考察絮凝劑對(duì)活性污泥中微生物的毒性影響。并對(duì)三種毒性指標(biāo)的靈敏度,操作難易程度,所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境毒性大小做對(duì)比,選擇出了最佳方法。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)九種絮凝劑對(duì)活性污泥毒性較大的是APAM、CPAM和PFS;毒性最小的是PAC,其次是PFSS。PAC對(duì)呼吸速率、脫氫酶活性和硝化速率的EC50值分別為1.520、2.309、0.283 g/L;PFSS對(duì)呼吸速率、脫氫酶活性和硝化速率的EC50值分別為1.113、1.391、0.273 g/L。建議在使用時(shí)優(yōu)先選擇PAC和PFSS,并應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制進(jìn)入污水處理系統(tǒng)中的人工合成有機(jī)絮凝劑的量。(2)三種鐵鹽和三種鋁鹽絮凝劑對(duì)活性污泥的三個(gè)活性指標(biāo)呼吸速率、脫氫酶活性、硝化速率的毒性有著一致的順序,分別為PFSFSPFSS、PASCAlCl3PAC;三種有機(jī)絮凝劑對(duì)脫氫酶活性的毒性順序?yàn)锳PAMCPAMCTS,對(duì)硝化速率的毒性影響順序?yàn)镃PAMAPAMCTS。(3)鐵鹽和鋁鹽毒性大小與pH值和鐵鋁形態(tài)有關(guān),使活性污泥溶液pH值下降幅度越大對(duì)活性污泥的毒性影響越大,鐵鹽中毒性作用較強(qiáng)的是聚合態(tài)鐵,鋁鹽中毒性作用較強(qiáng)的是離子態(tài)鋁。PAM比CTS毒性大,是因?yàn)镻AM會(huì)被分解為有毒單體,而CTS不會(huì)產(chǎn)生有毒物質(zhì)。(4)比較三種活性污泥毒性指標(biāo)得出,硝化速率法為最優(yōu)方法,其次是呼吸速率法,最后是脫氫酶活性法,聚丙烯酰胺不適合使用呼吸速率法。
[Abstract]:A lot of flocculants used in wastewater treatment have a certain toxic effect on the process of sewage treatment, and some flocculant related components will be left in the treated sewage. Unreasonable dosage of flocculant may have a bad effect on the effect of sewage treatment and increase the cost, so understand the toxicity of flocculant to sewage treatment system, It is necessary to rationalize the amount of flocculant used in wastewater treatment, which can effectively reduce the harm caused by the use of flocculant to sewage treatment system, reduce the amount of flocculant discharged into natural water and reduce secondary pollution. In order to study the effect of flocculant on sludge activity, the influence of several kinds of flocculants used in wastewater treatment on activated sludge activity index in sewage treatment system was studied in this paper. Ferric sulfate (FS), polyferric sulfate (PFS), polysilicate ferric sulfate (PFSS), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), polyaluminium chloride (PAC), polysilicate aluminum chloride (PASC), anionic polyacrylamide (APAM), cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), chitosan (CTS) were selected as inorganic flocculants. The representative of an organic flocculant, The effects of flocculant on the toxicity of microorganisms in activated sludge were investigated by means of respiration rate dehydrogenase activity and nitrification rate. The sensitivity of the three toxic indexes, the degree of difficulty in operation and the magnitude of environmental toxicity are compared, and the best method is selected. The results were as follows: (1) APAM,CPAM and PFS; were the least toxic to activated sludge, followed by PFSS.PAC and PFSS.PAC, the EC50 values of dehydrogenase activity and nitrification rate were 1.520 ~ 2.309 ~ 0.283 g / L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1), respectively. The EC50 values of dehydrogenase activity and nitrification rate were 1.113 ~ 1.391g / L and 0.273 g / L, respectively. It is suggested that PAC and PFSS, should be selected first and the amount of synthetic organic flocculants entering wastewater treatment system should be strictly controlled. (2) the respiration rate and dehydrogenase activity of three kinds of ferric salts and three kinds of aluminum salt flocculants for activated sludge should be strictly controlled. The order of toxicity of nitrification rate was that the toxicity order of three organic flocculants of PFSFSPFSS,PASCAlCl3PAC; to dehydrogenase activity was CPAMAPAMCTS. (3) the toxicity of iron salt and aluminum salt was related to the pH value and the form of iron and aluminum, and the order of toxicity of APAMCPAMCTS, to the nitrification rate was that the toxicity of CPAMAPAMCTS. (3) iron salt and aluminum salt was related to the pH value and the form of iron and aluminum. The larger the decrease of pH value of activated sludge solution is, the greater the toxicity of activated sludge is. The more toxic effect of iron salt is polymerized iron, the more toxic effect of aluminum salt is that ionic aluminum. PAM is more toxic than CTS. This is because PAM is decomposed into toxic monomers, while CTS does not produce toxic substances. (4) comparing three toxic indexes of activated sludge, nitrification rate method is the best method, followed by respiratory rate method and dehydrogenase activity method. Polyacrylamide is not suitable for respiratory rate method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 萬俐;趙君鳳;付永勝;楊志超;王群;;絮凝劑對(duì)活性污泥胞外聚合物的影響研究[J];黑龍江大學(xué)自然科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2016年05期

2 劉超;;化學(xué)除磷對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)污水廠活性污泥系統(tǒng)的影響[J];中國給水排水;2015年22期

3 藍(lán)惠霞;耿士文;李慧潔;王傳路;王曉紅;蘭善紅;;Fe~(3+)存在下制漿中段廢水好氧活性污泥的馴化[J];中國造紙;2015年10期

4 余皓;劉秉琦;應(yīng)家駒;胡文剛;;基于Sigmoidal函數(shù)最小二乘擬合的一維圖像邊緣檢測方法[J];紅外技術(shù);2014年10期

5 杜麗娜;楊帆;穆玉峰;余若禎;左劍惡;高俊發(fā);余忻;滕麗君;湯薪瑤;;某制藥廢水對(duì)發(fā)光細(xì)菌急性毒性的評(píng)價(jià)研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2014年01期

6 畢學(xué)軍;趙方超;邢尚生;趙慶彬;;復(fù)合鐵酶促活性污泥抗低溫硝化能力的研究[J];中國給水排水;2013年19期

7 劉堅(jiān);岳秀;于廣平;苑明哲;唐嘉麗;郭高飛;;污水毒性檢測技術(shù)的研究進(jìn)展[J];廣東化工;2013年16期

8 趙智;唐澤軍;宋滿剛;許理;;粉煤灰和聚丙烯酰胺對(duì)沙質(zhì)土壤中玉米生長的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào);2013年06期

9 胡惠媛;朱虹;;殼聚糖及其衍生物對(duì)重金屬離子的吸附[J];化學(xué)進(jìn)展;2012年11期

10 虞靜靜;馬天;劉志剛;李軼;;污水深度處理投加聚合氯化鋁對(duì)微生物活性的影響[J];河海大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2012年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 路達(dá);聚合硫酸鐵和聚硅硫酸鐵制備及有機(jī)改性研究[D];大連理工大學(xué);2014年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前7條

1 姚婧梅;化學(xué)同步除磷藥劑對(duì)活性污泥系統(tǒng)的影響研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2012年

2 王興斌;鋁鹽混凝劑投加對(duì)活性污泥性質(zhì)的影響研究[D];西安建筑科技大學(xué);2010年

3 張國偉;復(fù)合鐵酶促活性污泥技術(shù)試驗(yàn)研究[D];青島理工大學(xué);2008年

4 王蓉;化學(xué)混凝污泥脫水性能研究[D];廣東工業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

5 劉莉莉;高濃度聚硅氯化鋁中鋁的形態(tài)及其性能研究[D];山東大學(xué);2006年

6 符成澤;發(fā)光細(xì)菌法和硝化速率法測定污水毒性的可行性研究[D];同濟(jì)大學(xué);2006年

7 楊金玲;PDA及其殘余單體的毒性研究[D];南京理工大學(xué);2004年

，

本文編號(hào)：2237182