【摘要】：在污水處理中大量使用的絮凝劑對污水處理過程產(chǎn)生了一定的毒性影響,處理后的污水中也會殘留部分絮凝劑相關成分,不合理的絮凝劑用量可能會對污水處理的效果有壞的影響,使得成本增加,因此了解絮凝劑對污水處理系統(tǒng)的毒性,并且使應用到污水處理中絮凝劑的用量合理化是十分必要的,能有效減小因絮凝劑的使用對污水處理系統(tǒng)造成的危害,并減少排放到自然水體中絮凝劑的量,減小二次污染。為了研究絮凝劑對污泥活性的影響,本課題研究了污水處理過程中常用的幾類絮凝劑對污水處理系統(tǒng)中活性污泥活性指標產(chǎn)生的影響,分別選取硫酸鐵(FS)、聚合硫酸鐵(PFS)、聚合硅酸硫酸鐵(PFSS)、氯化鋁(AlCl3)、聚合氯化鋁(PAC)、聚合硅酸氯化鋁(PASC)、陰離子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)、陽離子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)、殼聚糖(CTS)作為無機絮凝劑和有機絮凝劑的代表物,采用呼吸速率、脫氫酶活性、硝化速率三種活性污泥中微生物活性指標考察絮凝劑對活性污泥中微生物的毒性影響。并對三種毒性指標的靈敏度,操作難易程度,所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境毒性大小做對比,選擇出了最佳方法。研究結果如下:(1)九種絮凝劑對活性污泥毒性較大的是APAM、CPAM和PFS;毒性最小的是PAC,其次是PFSS。PAC對呼吸速率、脫氫酶活性和硝化速率的EC50值分別為1.520、2.309、0.283 g/L;PFSS對呼吸速率、脫氫酶活性和硝化速率的EC50值分別為1.113、1.391、0.273 g/L。建議在使用時優(yōu)先選擇PAC和PFSS,并應嚴格控制進入污水處理系統(tǒng)中的人工合成有機絮凝劑的量。(2)三種鐵鹽和三種鋁鹽絮凝劑對活性污泥的三個活性指標呼吸速率、脫氫酶活性、硝化速率的毒性有著一致的順序,分別為PFSFSPFSS、PASCAlCl3PAC;三種有機絮凝劑對脫氫酶活性的毒性順序為APAMCPAMCTS,對硝化速率的毒性影響順序為CPAMAPAMCTS。(3)鐵鹽和鋁鹽毒性大小與pH值和鐵鋁形態(tài)有關,使活性污泥溶液pH值下降幅度越大對活性污泥的毒性影響越大,鐵鹽中毒性作用較強的是聚合態(tài)鐵,鋁鹽中毒性作用較強的是離子態(tài)鋁。PAM比CTS毒性大,是因為PAM會被分解為有毒單體,而CTS不會產(chǎn)生有毒物質。(4)比較三種活性污泥毒性指標得出,硝化速率法為最優(yōu)方法,其次是呼吸速率法,最后是脫氫酶活性法,聚丙烯酰胺不適合使用呼吸速率法。
[Abstract]:A lot of flocculants used in wastewater treatment have a certain toxic effect on the process of sewage treatment, and some flocculant related components will be left in the treated sewage. Unreasonable dosage of flocculant may have a bad effect on the effect of sewage treatment and increase the cost, so understand the toxicity of flocculant to sewage treatment system, It is necessary to rationalize the amount of flocculant used in wastewater treatment, which can effectively reduce the harm caused by the use of flocculant to sewage treatment system, reduce the amount of flocculant discharged into natural water and reduce secondary pollution. In order to study the effect of flocculant on sludge activity, the influence of several kinds of flocculants used in wastewater treatment on activated sludge activity index in sewage treatment system was studied in this paper. Ferric sulfate (FS), polyferric sulfate (PFS), polysilicate ferric sulfate (PFSS), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), polyaluminium chloride (PAC), polysilicate aluminum chloride (PASC), anionic polyacrylamide (APAM), cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), chitosan (CTS) were selected as inorganic flocculants. The representative of an organic flocculant, The effects of flocculant on the toxicity of microorganisms in activated sludge were investigated by means of respiration rate dehydrogenase activity and nitrification rate. The sensitivity of the three toxic indexes, the degree of difficulty in operation and the magnitude of environmental toxicity are compared, and the best method is selected. The results were as follows: (1) APAM,CPAM and PFS; were the least toxic to activated sludge, followed by PFSS.PAC and PFSS.PAC, the EC50 values of dehydrogenase activity and nitrification rate were 1.520 ~ 2.309 ~ 0.283 g / L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1), respectively. The EC50 values of dehydrogenase activity and nitrification rate were 1.113 ~ 1.391g / L and 0.273 g / L, respectively. It is suggested that PAC and PFSS, should be selected first and the amount of synthetic organic flocculants entering wastewater treatment system should be strictly controlled. (2) the respiration rate and dehydrogenase activity of three kinds of ferric salts and three kinds of aluminum salt flocculants for activated sludge should be strictly controlled. The order of toxicity of nitrification rate was that the toxicity order of three organic flocculants of PFSFSPFSS,PASCAlCl3PAC; to dehydrogenase activity was CPAMAPAMCTS. (3) the toxicity of iron salt and aluminum salt was related to the pH value and the form of iron and aluminum, and the order of toxicity of APAMCPAMCTS, to the nitrification rate was that the toxicity of CPAMAPAMCTS. (3) iron salt and aluminum salt was related to the pH value and the form of iron and aluminum. The larger the decrease of pH value of activated sludge solution is, the greater the toxicity of activated sludge is. The more toxic effect of iron salt is polymerized iron, the more toxic effect of aluminum salt is that ionic aluminum. PAM is more toxic than CTS. This is because PAM is decomposed into toxic monomers, while CTS does not produce toxic substances. (4) comparing three toxic indexes of activated sludge, nitrification rate method is the best method, followed by respiratory rate method and dehydrogenase activity method. Polyacrylamide is not suitable for respiratory rate method.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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