發(fā)布時間：2018-09-10 08:55

【摘要】：白洋淀濕地自然保護區(qū)被譽為“華北之腎”,具有緩洪滯瀝、調節(jié)氣候、維護水體自然凈化能力等多種生態(tài)功能,對維持華北地區(qū)生態(tài)平衡、保持生物多樣性起到重要作用。白洋淀淀區(qū)開發(fā)歷史久遠、開發(fā)強度大,近幾十年來,受自然因素和人文活動干擾因素影響,白洋淀濕地面積急劇萎縮、干淀現(xiàn)象頻繁發(fā)生,其健康狀態(tài)面臨嚴重退化。白洋淀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況受到了政府、專家學者以及公眾的廣泛關注,因此選取白洋淀濕地進行生態(tài)健康評價對其急需開展的整治工作和合理性規(guī)劃具有重要意義。本文選擇白洋淀濕地自然保護區(qū)作為研究區(qū),依據(jù)遙感和地理信息系統(tǒng)技術,結合傳統(tǒng)野外生態(tài)與水文監(jiān)測方法,在綜合小尺度和景觀尺度的基礎上,從水生態(tài)特征、景觀斑塊特征和人類干擾特征3個方面選取一系列評價指標因子,利用層次分析法和綜合指數(shù)方法,對研究區(qū)濕地進行了定量生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評價提出了影響健康狀況的主要因子以及管理和修復對策,為白洋淀自然保護區(qū)的保護和修復提供基礎資料。結果表明:白洋淀濕地自然保護區(qū)濕地生態(tài)健康綜合指數(shù)為0.303—0.711,處于不健康到健康狀態(tài)之間,整體生態(tài)健康現(xiàn)狀為不健康狀態(tài);研究區(qū)的四個核心功能區(qū)健康狀況存在差異,從優(yōu)到劣的排序分別是:燒車淀小白洋淀大麥淀藻傭淀,但各核心區(qū)健康分級狀況并沒有白洋淀自然保護區(qū)整體好,與野外實地調查結果一致,反映出白洋淀濕地自然保護區(qū)功能分區(qū)不太合理;在評價指標體系中,影響研究區(qū)生態(tài)健康狀況的關鍵要素為水生態(tài)環(huán)境特征,關鍵指標為淀區(qū)水位。綜合研究結果,對白洋淀濕地自然保護區(qū)管理和開發(fā)提出以下幾點意見:全面實施開源節(jié)流,協(xié)調區(qū)域水資源分配,建立長效生態(tài)補水機制;加強污染的綜合治理,調整研究區(qū)內養(yǎng)殖產業(yè)結構;重新規(guī)劃白洋淀自然保護區(qū)的生態(tài)功能區(qū)域,科學合理區(qū)分核心區(qū)、緩沖區(qū)與實驗區(qū);新建立一套健全的白洋淀自然保護區(qū)保護政策與制度。
[Abstract]:Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve is known as "kidney of North China". It has many ecological functions, such as slowing flood and leachate, regulating climate, maintaining natural purification ability of water body and so on. It plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance and maintaining biodiversity in North China. Baiyangdian area has a long history and great development intensity. In recent decades, the area of Baiyangdian wetland shrank sharply, the dry lake occurred frequently, and its health state was seriously degraded due to the influence of natural factors and human activities. The health status of Baiyangdian ecosystem has been widely concerned by the government, experts and scholars as well as the public. Therefore, it is of great significance to select Baiyangdian wetland for ecological health evaluation for its urgently needed remediation work and rational planning. In this paper, Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve is chosen as the research area, according to remote sensing and GIS technology, combined with traditional field ecological and hydrological monitoring methods, on the basis of comprehensive small-scale and landscape scale, based on the characteristics of water ecology. A series of evaluation index factors were selected from three aspects of landscape patch characteristics and human disturbance characteristics, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and synthetic index method were used. The quantitative ecosystem health assessment of wetland in the study area was carried out. The main factors affecting the health status and the management and restoration countermeasures were put forward, which provided the basic data for the protection and restoration of Baiyangdian Nature Reserve. The results showed that the comprehensive index of wetland ecological health in Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve was 0.303-0.711, which was from unhealthy to healthy. The order from the best to the worst is that the algae-lake in Baekyangdian is not as good as that in the Baiyangdian Nature Reserve, and the results are consistent with the field investigation results, but the health classification of the core areas is not as good as that of the Baiyangdian Nature Reserve as a whole. The results show that the functional zoning of Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve is not reasonable, and in the evaluation index system, the key factor affecting the ecological health of the study area is the characteristics of the water ecological environment and the key index is the water level in the lake area. Based on the comprehensive research results, the following suggestions are put forward for the management and development of Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve: the comprehensive implementation of increasing resources and reducing expenditure, the coordination of regional water resources allocation, the establishment of a long-term ecological water replenishment mechanism, and the strengthening of comprehensive control of pollution. The ecological function area of Baiyangdian Nature Reserve should be re-planned, and the core area, buffer zone and experimental area should be scientifically and reasonably distinguished, and a set of sound policies and systems for the protection of Baiyangdian Nature Reserve should be established.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X36;X826

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