折流式內(nèi)循環(huán)生物膜反應(yīng)器實(shí)現(xiàn)同時(shí)雙加氧和反硝化
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-01 16:53
【摘要】：鄰苯二甲酸(phthalic acid,PA)作為生產(chǎn)鄰苯二甲酸酯類(lèi)(PAEs)的一種前驅(qū)體,被廣泛地運(yùn)用于生產(chǎn)燃料,聚酯樹(shù)脂,藥物和增塑劑等方面,由于人類(lèi)社會(huì)的大量生產(chǎn)和廣泛使用,鄰苯二甲酸酯類(lèi)已成為地球上最廣泛存在的環(huán)境污染物之一。PAEs不僅具有致畸、致癌和致突變特性,而且是一種內(nèi)分泌干擾素,嚴(yán)重危害人類(lèi)的健康。一般PAEs較易水解生成PA,作為鄰苯二甲酸酯類(lèi)的最主要中間產(chǎn)物,且該中間產(chǎn)物的積累會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響鄰苯二甲酸酯類(lèi)的降解進(jìn)程,所以對(duì)PA的降解機(jī)理的研究已顯得尤為重要。同時(shí),近年來(lái),由于農(nóng)業(yè)上氮肥的過(guò)量使用、居民生活和工業(yè)污水的排放,導(dǎo)致我國(guó)地表水含氮物質(zhì)(硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽等)污染日益嚴(yán)重。目前,對(duì)于含有PA的污水,一般的生物處理方法是好氧生物降解法,而對(duì)于硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽的污水,一般是在缺氧環(huán)境下利用反硝化反應(yīng)來(lái)進(jìn)行去除。本研究通過(guò)將折流式內(nèi)循環(huán)生物膜反應(yīng)器進(jìn)行改進(jìn),提供了一種將好氧區(qū)域和缺氧區(qū)域在一個(gè)反應(yīng)器內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)的環(huán)境,在折流式內(nèi)循環(huán)反應(yīng)器內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)了PA的雙加氧反應(yīng)和反硝化反應(yīng)。探究了外源電子供體和紫外輻射產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)源電子供體是如何通過(guò)加速PA的雙加氧反應(yīng),進(jìn)而加速了反硝化反應(yīng),通過(guò)對(duì)硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽這兩種主要反硝化反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)物的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)以亞硝酸鹽為氮源時(shí)的反硝化反應(yīng)更易進(jìn)行。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)通過(guò)對(duì)折流式內(nèi)循環(huán)生物膜反應(yīng)器的改進(jìn),控制反應(yīng)器的表面溶解氧約2mg/L,由于反應(yīng)器前段溶解氧的消耗,為反應(yīng)器后段提供了缺氧環(huán)境,經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)生物膜的馴化,在折流式內(nèi)循環(huán)反應(yīng)器實(shí)現(xiàn)了需氧的雙加氧反應(yīng)和缺氧的反硝化反應(yīng)。(2)外源電子供體丁二酸的投入,促進(jìn)了PA的初始雙加氧反應(yīng),生成的下游產(chǎn)物更易被反硝化反應(yīng)利用,從而加快了反硝化反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)速率。(3)當(dāng)只有以丁二酸提供碳源時(shí),少量的丁二酸投加,反硝化反應(yīng)基本不進(jìn)行,當(dāng)丁二酸的投加量達(dá)到1.27m M/L時(shí),反硝化速率明顯加快,與PA+丁二酸組的反硝化反應(yīng)速率相近,通過(guò)兩組電子平衡的計(jì)算,進(jìn)一步論證了少量的丁二酸作為電子供體優(yōu)先提供給PA的雙加氧反應(yīng),從而為反硝化反應(yīng)提供了充足且易被利用的小分子有機(jī)酸。(4)PA經(jīng)過(guò)UV/H2O2的預(yù)處理后釋放出的諸如丁二酸、乙酸類(lèi)的小分子有機(jī)酸作為內(nèi)源電子供體和由外部提供的電子供體對(duì)雙加氧反應(yīng)和反硝化反應(yīng)的加速效果相同。(5)在反硝化反應(yīng)中,由于亞硝態(tài)氮所需的電子供體比硝態(tài)氮所需的電子供體少,根據(jù)相同條件下,亞硝酸鹽和硝酸鹽的兩組實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)比,當(dāng)?shù)词莵喯跛猁}時(shí),PA的降解速率是以硝酸鹽為氮源時(shí)的2~3倍,反硝化速率也達(dá)到將近3倍。這為短程硝化反硝化提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)論據(jù),如果在硝化反應(yīng)中能控制氨鹽直接轉(zhuǎn)化為亞硝酸鹽,不僅節(jié)約了資源,而且加快了反硝化的速率。
[Abstract]:Phthalic acid (PA), as a precursor for the production of phthalic esters (PAEs), is widely used in the production of fuels, polyester resins, drugs and plasticizers. Due to the extensive production and use of human society, phthalic acid esters have become one of the most widespread environmental pollutants on the earth. It is not only teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic, but also an endocrine interferon, which seriously endangers human health. PAEs are easily hydrolyzed to form PA, which is the main intermediate of phthalate esters. The accumulation of this intermediate will seriously affect the degradation process of phthalate esters, so the degradation mechanism of PA is very important. At the same time, in recent years, due to the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture and the discharge of domestic and industrial sewage, the pollution of nitrogen-containing substances (nitrate and nitrite etc.) in surface water is becoming more and more serious. At present, for the sewage containing PA, the general biological treatment method is aerobic biodegradation method, while for nitric acid. Salt and nitrite wastewater is usually removed by denitrification under anoxic conditions. In this study, the baffled internal circulation biofilm reactor was improved to provide an environment in which the aerobic and anoxic areas are realized in one reactor, and PA double oxygen addition was realized in the baffled internal circulation reactor. Reactions and denitrification reactions. How exogenous electron donors and endogenous electron donors produced by ultraviolet radiation accelerated the denitrification reaction by accelerating the double-oxygenation of PA was investigated. Through the study of nitrate and nitrite, two main denitrification reactants, denitrification was found when nitrite was used as nitrogen source. The main results are as follows: (1) By improving the baffled internal circulation biofilm reactor, the dissolved oxygen on the surface of the reactor was controlled to be about 2 mg/L. Oxygen consumption in the front of the reactor provided an anoxic environment for the rear of the reactor. After domestication of the biofilm, the aerobic hydrogen was achieved in the baffled internal circulation reactor. Oxygenation and anoxic denitrification. (2) Input of exogenous electron donor succinic acid promotes the initial hydrogen peroxide reaction of PA, and the resulting downstream products are more easily used by denitrification, thus speeding up the denitrification reaction rate. (3) When only succinic acid is used as carbon source, a small amount of succinic acid is added to denitrify the reaction group. When the dosage of succinic acid reached 1.27m/L, the denitrification rate was obviously accelerated, which was similar to that of PA+succinic acid group. Through the calculation of two groups of electron balance, it was further demonstrated that a small amount of succinic acid as an electron donor preferentially provided PA with hydrogen peroxide reaction, thus providing sufficient and sufficient for denitrification reaction. Small molecule organic acids that are easy to be used. (4) Small molecule organic acids such as succinic acid and acetic acid released from PA after UV/H2O2 pretreatment as endogenous electron donors and electron donors provided by the outside have the same accelerating effect on the hydrogen peroxide reaction and denitrification reaction. (5) In denitrification reaction, the electrons needed for nitrite nitrogen are the same. According to the experimental results of nitrite and nitrate under the same conditions, when the nitrogen source is nitrite, the degradation rate of PA is 2-3 times that of nitrate and the denitrification rate is nearly 3 times that of nitrate. This provides experimental evidence for short-cut nitrification and denitrification. The direct conversion of ammonia into nitrite can be controlled in the reaction, which not only saves resources, but also speeds up the denitrification rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X703
本文編號(hào)：2217797
[Abstract]:Phthalic acid (PA), as a precursor for the production of phthalic esters (PAEs), is widely used in the production of fuels, polyester resins, drugs and plasticizers. Due to the extensive production and use of human society, phthalic acid esters have become one of the most widespread environmental pollutants on the earth. It is not only teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic, but also an endocrine interferon, which seriously endangers human health. PAEs are easily hydrolyzed to form PA, which is the main intermediate of phthalate esters. The accumulation of this intermediate will seriously affect the degradation process of phthalate esters, so the degradation mechanism of PA is very important. At the same time, in recent years, due to the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture and the discharge of domestic and industrial sewage, the pollution of nitrogen-containing substances (nitrate and nitrite etc.) in surface water is becoming more and more serious. At present, for the sewage containing PA, the general biological treatment method is aerobic biodegradation method, while for nitric acid. Salt and nitrite wastewater is usually removed by denitrification under anoxic conditions. In this study, the baffled internal circulation biofilm reactor was improved to provide an environment in which the aerobic and anoxic areas are realized in one reactor, and PA double oxygen addition was realized in the baffled internal circulation reactor. Reactions and denitrification reactions. How exogenous electron donors and endogenous electron donors produced by ultraviolet radiation accelerated the denitrification reaction by accelerating the double-oxygenation of PA was investigated. Through the study of nitrate and nitrite, two main denitrification reactants, denitrification was found when nitrite was used as nitrogen source. The main results are as follows: (1) By improving the baffled internal circulation biofilm reactor, the dissolved oxygen on the surface of the reactor was controlled to be about 2 mg/L. Oxygen consumption in the front of the reactor provided an anoxic environment for the rear of the reactor. After domestication of the biofilm, the aerobic hydrogen was achieved in the baffled internal circulation reactor. Oxygenation and anoxic denitrification. (2) Input of exogenous electron donor succinic acid promotes the initial hydrogen peroxide reaction of PA, and the resulting downstream products are more easily used by denitrification, thus speeding up the denitrification reaction rate. (3) When only succinic acid is used as carbon source, a small amount of succinic acid is added to denitrify the reaction group. When the dosage of succinic acid reached 1.27m/L, the denitrification rate was obviously accelerated, which was similar to that of PA+succinic acid group. Through the calculation of two groups of electron balance, it was further demonstrated that a small amount of succinic acid as an electron donor preferentially provided PA with hydrogen peroxide reaction, thus providing sufficient and sufficient for denitrification reaction. Small molecule organic acids that are easy to be used. (4) Small molecule organic acids such as succinic acid and acetic acid released from PA after UV/H2O2 pretreatment as endogenous electron donors and electron donors provided by the outside have the same accelerating effect on the hydrogen peroxide reaction and denitrification reaction. (5) In denitrification reaction, the electrons needed for nitrite nitrogen are the same. According to the experimental results of nitrite and nitrate under the same conditions, when the nitrogen source is nitrite, the degradation rate of PA is 2-3 times that of nitrate and the denitrification rate is nearly 3 times that of nitrate. This provides experimental evidence for short-cut nitrification and denitrification. The direct conversion of ammonia into nitrite can be controlled in the reaction, which not only saves resources, but also speeds up the denitrification rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X703
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