【摘要】：微藻是一類分布廣泛的生物,不僅對生態(tài)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定具有重要意義,而且在去除環(huán)境污染物方面的作用也不可忽視。微藻不僅可以通過吸附、富集、降解等途徑去除環(huán)境中的難降解有機物,還能產(chǎn)生氧氣、引發(fā)活性氧,從而促進細菌對污染物的降解、增強污染物自身的光降解能力。研究微藻對環(huán)境中有機污染物的富集和降解作用,不僅可以提供一種去除污染物的方法,還能夠為污染物的環(huán)境行為和歸趨評價提供一定的依據(jù)。本文選取富營養(yǎng)化水體中的優(yōu)勢藻類銅綠微囊藻和廣泛應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)生活中的橢圓小球藻作為實驗生物,研究它們對于兩種常見有機污染物—雙酚A(BPA)和對乙酰氨基苯酚的去除作用,并探討了污染物濃度范圍、營養(yǎng)條件以及初始藻濃度對去除效果的影響,得到了如下實驗結(jié)果:(1).銅綠微囊藻918對BPA和對乙酰氨基苯酚都具有一定的去除作用。1,5,10mg/L的BPA和對乙酰氨基苯酚經(jīng)過10天的處理后比初始濃度分別降低了 39%、12%、9%和22%、7%、13%。銅綠918體內(nèi)BPA的濃度隨培養(yǎng)基中初始濃度的升高而增大,對乙酰氨基苯酚也呈現(xiàn)出類似特點。發(fā)現(xiàn)BPA在銅綠918體內(nèi)2種可能的降解產(chǎn)物對乙基苯酚和2,6-二羥基苯甲酸;(2)銅綠微囊藻1343對BPA和對乙酰氨基苯酚也具有一定的去除作用,但是效果不明顯。1,5,10mg/L的BPA和對乙酰氨基苯酚經(jīng)過10天的處理后比初始濃度分別降低了 6%、6%、12%和14%、9%、9%,銅綠1343體內(nèi)BPA的濃度隨培養(yǎng)基中初始濃度的升高而增大,且在實驗過程中呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,1mg/L對乙酰氨基苯酚處理組藻體內(nèi)污染物的富集量隨時間變化不大,5mg/L和10mg/L對乙酰氨基苯酚處理組藻體內(nèi)污染物的富集量在實驗過程中呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢;(3)橢圓小球藻對BPA和對乙酰氨基苯酚都具有一定的去除作用。1,5,10mg/L的BPA和對乙酰氨基苯酚經(jīng)過10天的處理后比初始濃度分別降低了 10%、8%、2%和18%、15%、18%,小球藻體內(nèi)BPA的濃度隨培養(yǎng)基中初始濃度的增加和實驗的進行表現(xiàn)出增長的趨勢,1mg/L和5mg/L對乙酰氨基苯酚處理組藻體內(nèi)污染物濃度呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢,而10mg/L處理組則相反,呈現(xiàn)出先下降后上升的趨勢。發(fā)現(xiàn)BPA在橢圓小球藻體內(nèi)3種可能的降解產(chǎn)物3-甲氧基-4羥基苯甲醛、對乙基苯酚和2,6-二羥基苯甲酸;(4)不同污染物濃度范圍和初始藻濃度對其去除污染物具有一定的影響,而營養(yǎng)條件對去除效果影響不大。小球藻對10,50,]00ug/L的對乙酰氨基苯酚10天的去除率達到了 10%、31%和17%,而對15,30,50mg/L的對乙酰氨基苯酚10天的去除率只有5%、10%和10%;初始藻濃度對其去除污染物效果的影響較為明顯,最高去除率為22%,而最低去除率不足5%。
[Abstract]:Microalgae are a class of widely distributed organisms, which not only play an important role in the stability of the ecological environment, but also play an important role in the removal of environmental pollutants. Microalgae can not only remove refractory organic matter by adsorption, enrichment and degradation, but also produce oxygen and initiate reactive oxygen, thus promoting the degradation of pollutants by bacteria and enhancing the photodegradation ability of pollutants themselves. The study on the enrichment and degradation of organic pollutants in the environment by microalgae can not only provide a method to remove pollutants, but also provide some basis for the environmental behavior and fate evaluation of pollutants. In this paper, the dominant algae microcystis aeruginosa in eutrophication water and Chlorella ellipticum widely used in production and life were selected as experimental organisms. The removal effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and acetaminophenol on two common organic pollutants were studied. The effects of pollutant concentration range, nutrition conditions and initial algae concentration on the removal efficiency were discussed. The results were as follows: (1) Microcystis aeruginosa 918 can remove both BPA and acetaminophenol. After 10 days of treatment, the BPA and paracetamol concentrations of BPA and acetaminophenol were 3912% and 39% and 71313% lower than the initial concentration, respectively. The concentration of BPA in aeruginosa 918 increased with the increase of initial concentration, and paracetamol showed similar characteristics. It was found that two possible degradation products of BPA were p-ethylphenol and 2-dihydroxybenzoic acid in aeruginosa 918. (2) Microcystis aeruginosa 1343 could also remove BPA and p-acetaminophenol. However, the effect of 10 mg / L BPA and paracetamol decreased 612% and 14%, respectively, after 10 days of treatment. The concentration of BPA in the aeruginal 1343 increased with the increase of the initial concentration in the medium. The concentration of pollutants in algae treated with 1 mg / L acetaminophenol did not change with time. The concentration of pollutants in algae treated with acetaminophenol and 10mg/L was not significant. (3) Chlorella ellipticus has a certain removal effect on BPA and acetaminophenol. After 10 days of treatment, the BPA and paracetamol levels of BPA and paracetamol in Chlorella ellipticum are 10 8% lower than the initial concentration and 18 15% and 18% lower than the initial concentration, respectively, in Chlorella microphylla. The concentration of BPA increased with the increase of the initial concentration in the medium and the experiment. The concentration of pollutants in the algae treated with acetaminophenol and 5mg/L increased first and then decreased. On the contrary, the 10mg/L treatment group showed a trend of first decreasing and then rising. It was found that three possible degradation products of BPA in Chlorella ellipticum were 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-ethylphenol and 2-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (4) different concentration range of pollutants and initial algae concentration had some influence on the removal of pollutants. But the nutrition condition had little effect on the removal effect. The removal rate of acetaminophenol for 10 days by Chlorella vulgaris reached 10% and 17% for 10 days by Chlorella vulgaris, but only 510% and 10% for 10 days for 1530 mg / L acetaminophenol, and the effect of initial algal concentration on the removal of pollutants was obvious. The highest removal rate is 22 and the lowest removal rate is less than 5.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X173;X703

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