【摘要】：電鍍過程中會產(chǎn)生大量的有毒有害廢水,包括高濃度的硝酸鹽廢水。硝酸鹽由于其全球性與致癌性受到廣泛關(guān)注,但絕大多數(shù)學(xué)者對硝酸鹽的研究領(lǐng)域集中在地下水中低濃度的硝酸鹽污染,對廢水中高濃度的硝酸鹽污染研究極少。很多方法雖然對低濃度硝酸鹽的去除效果較好,但并不適用高濃度硝酸鹽廢水。電化學(xué)技術(shù)作為環(huán)境友好技術(shù),能高效去除污染物且無二次污染,既可以單獨處理也可以結(jié)合其他工藝,是處理廢水的有效方法。零價鐵還原法具有毒性低、材料廉價易得、反應(yīng)速度快、易操作等優(yōu)點,能有效去除廢水中的多種污染物而備受關(guān)注。本文以高濃度硝酸鹽模擬廢水為研究對象,首先以銅為陰極,鈦為陽極組成的電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)對其進行去除,其次結(jié)合活潑金屬還原法,加入鐵粉做成電化學(xué)強化還原系統(tǒng),可以高效去除硝酸鹽且產(chǎn)生較少的副產(chǎn)物,更多地轉(zhuǎn)化為氮氣等含氮氣體從而使水中的總氮降低。主要的研究內(nèi)容如下:探索單獨使用電化學(xué)技術(shù)對高濃度硝酸鹽模擬廢水(NO3--N 1000mg/L)的去除效果,考察了pH、電流密度、電壓強度、反應(yīng)時間、攪拌強度、處理水量和氯離子濃度等因素對硝酸鹽的去除影響。實驗表明,電流密度、電壓強度、反應(yīng)時間和處理水量對硝酸鹽的還原效果影響較大,一定的攪拌強度可以促進傳質(zhì)過程,氯離子濃度是控制副產(chǎn)物氨氮生成的重要因素,pH在反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)中作用不大。結(jié)合鐵還原法和電化學(xué)法去除模擬廢水中高濃度硝酸鹽,采用響應(yīng)面(RSM)的Box-Behnken功能進行優(yōu)化實驗設(shè)計,并對結(jié)果進行數(shù)學(xué)建模。通過考察零價鐵質(zhì)量、電壓強度、pH和氯離子濃度四因素分別在低、中、高三個水平上對硝酸鹽的去除效果進行了中心復(fù)合設(shè)計,通過建立數(shù)學(xué)模型了解影響因素與去除效率之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明設(shè)置電壓強度13V,pH為1,極板距離1.2cm,0.5g還原鐵粉,氯離子濃度3000mg/L,攪拌強度450rad/min,電解60min后,硝酸鹽的去除率達到84.04%,總氮去除率81.37%�？梢姳痉磻�(yīng)系統(tǒng)可有效去除電鍍廢水中高濃度硝酸鹽。這些研究結(jié)果表明,電化學(xué)法可以有效還原高濃度硝酸鹽,結(jié)合零價鐵還原法對硝酸鹽的還原和總氮的去除效果更好。這些研究為電鍍廢水中高濃度硝酸鹽廢水的處理提供了初步的思路,有一定的推動作用。
[Abstract]:A large amount of toxic and harmful wastewater, including high concentration of nitrate wastewater, can be produced in electroplating process. Nitrate has attracted wide attention due to its global and carcinogenic properties. However, most scholars focus on the low concentration of nitrate pollution in groundwater, and rarely on the high concentration of nitrate pollution in wastewater. Although the removal effect of low concentration nitrate is better, many methods are not suitable for high concentration nitrate wastewater. As an environment-friendly technology, electrochemical technology can effectively remove pollutants without secondary pollution, and can be treated separately or in combination with other processes. It is an effective method for wastewater treatment. Zero-valent iron reduction method has the advantages of low toxicity, cheap materials, fast reaction speed, easy operation and so on. It can effectively remove many kinds of pollutants in wastewater and has attracted much attention. In this paper, the simulated wastewater of high concentration nitrate was used as the research object. Firstly, the electrochemical system composed of copper cathode and titanium anode was used to remove the wastewater. Secondly, combined with the active metal reduction method, iron powder was added to make the electrochemical enhanced reduction system. It can remove nitrate efficiently and produce less by-products, which can be converted to nitrogen and other nitrogen-containing gases, so that the total nitrogen in water can be reduced. The main contents are as follows: the removal efficiency of high concentration nitrate simulated wastewater (NO3--N 1000mg/L) by electrochemical technique was studied. The pH, current density, voltage intensity, reaction time and stirring intensity were investigated. The effect of water treatment and chloride concentration on nitrate removal was studied. The results show that current density, voltage intensity, reaction time and the amount of water treated have great influence on the reduction effect of nitrate, and a certain stirring intensity can promote the mass transfer process. The concentration of chloride ion is an important factor to control the formation of ammonia nitrogen, and pH has little effect in the reaction system. Combined with iron reduction method and electrochemical method, the high concentration nitrate in simulated wastewater was removed. The Box-Behnken function of response surface (RSM) was used to optimize the experimental design, and the result was modeled by mathematics. Through the investigation of zero valent iron mass, voltage intensity, pH and chloride concentration, the central composite design of nitrate removal efficiency was carried out at three levels, namely, low, middle and high levels, respectively. A mathematical model was established to understand the relationship between factors and removal efficiency. The results show that the removal rate of nitrate is 84.04 and the removal rate of total nitrogen is 81.37 after electrolysis of 60min with voltage intensity of 13V ~ (-1) pH = 1, electrode distance 1.2 cm ~ (-1) ~ (0.5) g reduction of iron powder, chloride ion concentration of 3000mg / L, stirring intensity of 450 mg / min. It can be seen that this reaction system can effectively remove high concentration nitrate from electroplating wastewater. These results show that the electrochemical method can effectively reduce the high concentration of nitrate, and the reduction of nitrate and removal of total nitrogen by zero-valent iron reduction method are better. These studies provide a preliminary idea for the treatment of high concentration nitrate wastewater from electroplating wastewater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X781.1

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