【摘要】：鄱陽(yáng)湖是我國(guó)的第一大淡水湖,對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)長(zhǎng)江中下游水位,維持生態(tài)平衡起著重要的作用。近年來(lái),隨著江西省經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的加快和城市化水平的不斷發(fā)展,鄱陽(yáng)湖的污染狀況也日漸加劇。微生物作為水環(huán)境中的重要組成部分,既受到水質(zhì)因子的影響,同時(shí)也對(duì)湖泊水質(zhì)有著反作用。本研究通過(guò)研究2016年鄱陽(yáng)湖河湖交錯(cuò)帶豐水期表層水體的水質(zhì)理化指標(biāo)、微生物多樣性指數(shù)和細(xì)菌群落組成結(jié)構(gòu),得出主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)鄱陽(yáng)湖河湖交錯(cuò)帶豐水期表層水體水質(zhì)污染情況嚴(yán)重,其中總氮含量和總磷含量均超標(biāo)嚴(yán)重。從氮磷比數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)看,影響鄱陽(yáng)湖河湖交錯(cuò)帶豐水期表層水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的主要限制性因素是磷限制。同時(shí)鄱陽(yáng)湖河湖交錯(cuò)帶豐水期表層水體各項(xiàng)污染物指標(biāo)在空間上存在著顯著的空間分布差異:其中,饒河、贛江和瑤湖的電導(dǎo)率水平明顯高于其他區(qū)域;而在贛江、饒河和南磯山等區(qū)域總氮含量要高于其他區(qū)域;總磷含量較高的區(qū)域?yàn)楝幒⒑谶^(guò)江水道和南磯大橋段。(2)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)鄱陽(yáng)湖河湖交錯(cuò)帶表豐水期表層水體水質(zhì)的影響非常明顯,總氮含量和總磷含量較高的區(qū)域都是人類(lèi)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和航運(yùn)較為頻繁的區(qū)域。然而,就人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)污染物的貢獻(xiàn)率來(lái)看,人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)總磷的貢獻(xiàn)率要大于對(duì)總氮的貢獻(xiàn)率。饒河和贛江上游都是我國(guó)較為重要的有色金屬開(kāi)采基地,導(dǎo)致饒河和贛江水質(zhì)中電導(dǎo)率指數(shù)較高;而修水上游由于工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)較為薄弱,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)較為完整,使得修水成為了鄱陽(yáng)湖水質(zhì)較好的區(qū)域。(3)通過(guò)對(duì)本研究所采集的11個(gè)樣本中微生物多樣性和豐富度指數(shù)進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)所有樣本中,湖口過(guò)江水道、吳城贛江入湖口和大湖池等區(qū)域的ACE指數(shù)相對(duì)較高,而南磯大橋段和贛江與修水交匯口的ACE指數(shù)相對(duì)較低。就微生物多樣性指數(shù)而言,湖口過(guò)江水道的微生物多樣性指數(shù)最高,達(dá)到5.44,而南磯山碟形湖的微生物多樣性指數(shù)最低,僅有3.9。(4)對(duì)本研究所采集的11個(gè)樣本進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序得到333794條有效堿基序列,對(duì)所獲得的有效堿基序列進(jìn)行OTU分類(lèi)共得到1193個(gè)OTU。通過(guò)對(duì)細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)所采樣本中所有細(xì)菌分屬于34個(gè)門(mén)、414個(gè)屬和678個(gè)種。其中在門(mén)水平上的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)細(xì)菌群落為(Proteobacteria)擬桿菌門(mén)(Baceroidetes)、放線菌門(mén)(Actinobacteria)、和藍(lán)藻門(mén)(Cyanobacteria);在屬水平上的優(yōu)勢(shì)細(xì)菌群落為hgcI_clade、CL500-29_marine_group、Rheinheimera、Sporichthyaceae_unclassified和Flavobacterium;在種水平上的優(yōu)勢(shì)細(xì)菌群落為hgcI_clade_unclassified(12.3%)、hgcI_clade_uncultured_bacterium(8.6%)、CL500-29_marine_group_unclassified(6.1%)、Sporichthyaceae_unclassified(4%)和Rheinheimera_uncultured_gamma_proteobacterium(3.6%)。(5)對(duì)所測(cè)得出的細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行單因素分析和相似性聚落分析發(fā)現(xiàn),不同采樣點(diǎn)之間的細(xì)菌群落在門(mén)水平、屬水平和種水平上都存在著顯著的差異性。說(shuō)明不同的污染物因子和不同的污染程度對(duì)微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)有著重要的影響。
[Abstract]:Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, which plays an important role in regulating the water level of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and maintaining ecological balance. In recent years, with the acceleration of economic construction and the continuous development of urbanization in Jiangxi Province, the pollution situation of Poyang Lake is becoming more and more serious. Microorganisms, as an important part of the water environment, are affected by water quality factors. In this study, the physical and chemical indexes, microbial diversity index and bacterial community composition of the surface water of the Poyang Lake River-Lake Ecotone in 2016 were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Pollution of the surface water in the Poyang Lake River-Lake Ecotone during the flood season. From the data of nitrogen-phosphorus ratio, phosphorus limitation is the main limiting factor affecting eutrophication in the surface water of the Poyang Lake Riverlake ecotone during the flood season. Differences: Among them, the conductivity of Raohe, Ganjiang and Yaohu lakes is obviously higher than that of other regions; while the total nitrogen content of Ganjiang, Raohe and Nanjishan is higher than that of other regions; the areas with higher total phosphorus content are Yaohu Lake, the river-crossing channel of Hukou and the Nanji Bridge section. (2) Human activities on the surface water quality of the Poyang Lake ecotone during the flood season. However, the contribution rate of human activities to total phosphorus is higher than that to total nitrogen. Raohe and the upper reaches of Ganjiang River are important nonferrous metal mining areas in China. Base, leading to the Raohe and Gan River water quality conductivity index higher; and Xiushui upstream due to the weak industrial base, the ecosystem is more complete, making Xiushui Poyang Lake water quality is better area. (3) Through the analysis of 11 samples collected in this study, microbial diversity and richness index found in all samples. The ACE index of the estuary crossing the river, the inlet of Wucheng Ganjiang River and the Great Lake Pool are relatively high, while that of Nanji Bridge and the junction of Ganjiang River and Xiushui River are relatively low. Only 3.9. (4) 333 394 valid base sequences were obtained from 11 samples collected by our institute by high-throughput sequencing, and 1193 OTUs were obtained by OTU classification. The dominant bacterial communities at phylum level were Baceroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria; at genus level, the dominant bacterial communities were hgcI_clade, CL500-29_marine_group, Rheinheimera, Sporichthyaceae_unclassified and Flavobacterium; and at species level, the dominant bacterial communities were HgcI_clade, CL500-29_marine_group, Rheinheimera, Sporichthyaceae_unclassified and Flavoterium. The bacterial communities were hgcI_clade_unclassified (12.3%), hgcI_clade_uncultured_bacterium (8.6%), CL500-29_marine_group_unclassified (6.1%), Sporichthyaceae_unclassified (4%) and Rheinheimera_uncultured_gamma_proteobacterium (3.6%). The results showed that there were significant differences in bacterial community at gate level, genera level and species level among different sampling sites, indicating that different pollutant factors and different pollution levels had important effects on microbial community structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X172;X524

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