【摘要】：汞,一種極具生物毒性的微量元素,能對(duì)環(huán)境造成長(zhǎng)久性的污染危害。汞污染對(duì)環(huán)境的影響自日本水俁病以來已經(jīng)引起極大關(guān)注。隨著西部大開發(fā)不斷推進(jìn),一批高污染、高耗能企業(yè)落戶“戈壁明珠”綠洲石河子市。然而,有關(guān)氯堿生產(chǎn)和燃煤發(fā)電集中地區(qū)汞污染的基礎(chǔ)研究尚處于缺乏階段,亟需針對(duì)該地區(qū)土壤進(jìn)行汞污染特征分布的研究,旨在為該地區(qū)土壤汞環(huán)境防治提供依據(jù)。本文以氯堿化工和燃煤電廠集中的石河子為研究對(duì)象,研究土壤汞含量分布特征、形態(tài)汞特征分布、三種典型土壤對(duì)汞的吸附解吸特征以及土壤汞污染環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。主要研究結(jié)論如下:研究區(qū)石河子市區(qū)汞含量范圍為0.001-0.902 mg·kg-1,平均值為0.176 mg·kg-1,遠(yuǎn)高于新疆背景值(0.017 mg·kg-1),但低于國家二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1.000 mg·kg-1)。同時(shí),還對(duì)石河子周邊的沙灣地區(qū)和瑪納斯地區(qū)進(jìn)行了土壤汞含量監(jiān)測(cè)。沙灣地區(qū)土壤汞含量范圍為0.001-0.491 mg·kg-1,平均值為0.102 mg·kg-1;瑪納斯地區(qū)土壤汞含量在0.046-0.882 mg·kg-1之間,平均值為0.286 mg·kg-1,高于石河子土壤平均汞含量;生物可利用性分析知,石河子地區(qū)土壤樣中能被動(dòng)植物利用的形態(tài)汞較少,但對(duì)生物具有較大的潛在生物可利用性;土壤汞形態(tài)相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),隨土壤總汞含量增加,其易溶性有機(jī)質(zhì)結(jié)合態(tài)、難溶性有機(jī)質(zhì)結(jié)合態(tài)汞和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)汞含量也會(huì)增加;有機(jī)質(zhì)與易溶性有機(jī)質(zhì)結(jié)合態(tài)、難溶性有機(jī)質(zhì)結(jié)合態(tài)汞和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)汞的含量均表現(xiàn)出顯著的正相關(guān)性。市區(qū)三種典型土壤汞的最大吸附量表現(xiàn)為:草甸土最大,潮土次之,灰漠土最小;最大解吸量順序和最大吸附量順序一致。有機(jī)質(zhì)對(duì)汞吸附解吸的影響實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,土壤環(huán)境中有機(jī)物含量越低,土壤中汞的解吸反應(yīng)越易發(fā)生。土壤吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,潮土吸附速率最大,草甸土吸附速率次之,灰漠土吸附速率最小。土壤及其與汞絡(luò)合物的FTIR光譜試驗(yàn)表明,吸附主要發(fā)生在O-H,C-O和C=O或C=N基團(tuán)。市區(qū)土壤微量汞環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)表明:市區(qū)土壤汞釋放量變化甚微,對(duì)市區(qū)整體環(huán)境質(zhì)量影響不大。石河子市區(qū)總體上表現(xiàn)為非污染或輕度污染,符合國家土壤環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn);土壤汞通過三種途徑(攝食、皮膚接觸、呼吸接觸)給人體帶來的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均在安全范圍以內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:Mercury, a highly biotoxic trace element, can cause long-term pollution hazards to the environment. The environmental impact of mercury pollution has attracted much attention since Minamata disease in Japan. With the great development of the western region, a group of high pollution and energy consuming enterprises have settled in Shihezi City, the Gobi Pearl Oasis. However, the basic research on mercury pollution in chlor-alkali production and coal-fired concentrated power generation areas is still in the lack of stage. It is urgent to study the distribution of mercury pollution characteristics in soil in this area, in order to provide the basis for soil mercury environmental control in this area. Taking Shihezi concentrated in chlor-alkali chemical industry and coal-fired power plant as the research object, this paper studies the distribution characteristics of mercury content in soil, the distribution of mercury speciation, the adsorption and desorption characteristics of mercury in three typical soils and the environmental quality evaluation of mercury pollution in soil. The main conclusions are as follows: the range of mercury content in Shihezi urban area is 0.001-0.902 mg kg-1, with an average of 0.176 mg kg-1, which is much higher than the background value of Xinjiang (0.017 mg kg-1), but lower than the national second class standard (1.000 mg kg-1). At the same time, soil mercury content was monitored in Shawan area and Manas area around Shihezi. The range of soil mercury content in Shawan is 0.001-0.491 mg / kg ~ (-1), the average value is 0.102 mg / kg ~ (-1), and that in Manas area is 0.046 ~ 0.882 mg / kg-1, the average value is 0.286 mg / kg ~ (-1), which is higher than that in Shihezi soil. In Shihezi area, the species of mercury that can be utilized by plants and animals are less, but they have great potential bioavailability to organisms, and the correlation analysis of soil mercury forms shows that, with the increase of total mercury content in soil, its soluble organic matter is bound to form. The contents of insoluble organic matter bound mercury and residual mercury also increased, and the contents of organic matter and easily soluble organic matter, insoluble organic matter bound mercury and residue mercury showed significant positive correlation. The maximum amount of mercury adsorbed by three typical soils in urban area was the largest in meadow soil, the second in tidal soil and the smallest in grey desert soil, and the sequence of maximum desorption and maximum adsorption was the same. The effect of organic matter on the adsorption and desorption of mercury showed that the lower the content of organic matter in soil, the easier the desorption reaction of mercury in soil. The adsorption kinetics experiments showed that the adsorption rate was the highest in the fluvo-soil, the second in the meadow soil and the lowest in the grey desert soil. The FTIR spectra of the soil and its mercuric complexes show that the adsorption occurs mainly in O-HG C-O and Con O or Con N groups. The environmental risk assessment of trace mercury in urban soil shows that there is little change in mercury release from soil in urban area, which has little effect on the overall environmental quality of urban area. The urban area of Shihezi is not polluted or slightly polluted, which accords with the national standard of soil environment, and the health risk caused by mercury in soil through three ways (feeding, skin contact, respiratory contact) is all within the safe range.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X833;X825

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本文編號(hào)：2182745