【摘要】：水資源是人們賴以生存的基礎(chǔ)。隨著中國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,水質(zhì)情況不容樂(lè)觀,特別是湖泊水體,其富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化污染一直非常突出。而懸浮物又是影響太湖水質(zhì)的重要物質(zhì),它不僅是藻類的生存基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)也會(huì)通過(guò)改變太湖水體的渾濁程度,從而影響其它水生生物的生存環(huán)境。因此,對(duì)水質(zhì)的監(jiān)測(cè)與保護(hù)顯得非常必要。如今,太湖已經(jīng)有20多個(gè)浮標(biāo)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),并且其上承載的水質(zhì)參數(shù)監(jiān)測(cè)儀可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)太湖的水質(zhì)參數(shù),包括濁度數(shù)據(jù)、葉綠素a濃度等。利用該類系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)測(cè),可以積累長(zhǎng)期連續(xù)觀測(cè)的數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)水環(huán)境遙感研究、水資源管理,都具有重要意義。但是通過(guò)浮標(biāo)監(jiān)測(cè)獲取的數(shù)據(jù)信息,僅能代表觀測(cè)區(qū)域小范圍內(nèi)的水質(zhì)狀況,而無(wú)法反映湖泊整體的情況。結(jié)合水動(dòng)力數(shù)值模型對(duì)影響湖體水質(zhì)的組分進(jìn)行輸移和分布模擬,則可以彌補(bǔ)常規(guī)測(cè)量在大面積獲取水體數(shù)據(jù)方面的不足。目前,數(shù)值模擬方法被廣泛應(yīng)用在湖泊水質(zhì)、生態(tài)環(huán)境的研究中,這對(duì)航道清淤工程建設(shè)、湖泊資源的可持續(xù)利用都有重要意義。其中,利用三維水沙數(shù)值模型進(jìn)行的研究很多,均驗(yàn)證了其在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的可靠性。但由于湖泊水動(dòng)力運(yùn)行機(jī)制比較復(fù)雜,數(shù)值模型的參數(shù)眾多且數(shù)據(jù)獲取困難,有必要選取模型中典型的主導(dǎo)因素進(jìn)行敏感性分析,并探討不同主導(dǎo)因素對(duì)模型模擬結(jié)果的影響程度與作用機(jī)制。同時(shí)確定的敏感性區(qū)間可以為模型率定提供參考范圍,從而在一定程度上起到簡(jiǎn)化模型的作用。基于此,本文以太湖為研究區(qū)域,以懸浮物數(shù)據(jù)為例,針對(duì)太湖懸浮物的空間分布規(guī)律,嘗試引入三維水沙模型ECOMSED,在研究模型機(jī)理與模型構(gòu)建的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)模型代碼進(jìn)行了修正,并選取模型中的主導(dǎo)因素開(kāi)展了敏感性分析,在實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)測(cè)站點(diǎn)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)、太湖懸浮物遙感反演成果數(shù)據(jù)與ECOMSED相耦合后,進(jìn)行了模型參數(shù)的率定、太湖懸浮物的模擬研究以及太湖懸浮物模型系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和成果如下:(1) ECOMSED的模型機(jī)理研究參考ECOMSED模型的相關(guān)資料以及模型公式,在理解水動(dòng)力和懸浮物輸運(yùn)參數(shù)意義的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合分析它們?cè)谀Ｐ湍M中起到的作用,同時(shí)對(duì)模型的構(gòu)建與運(yùn)行條件進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。在模型解析過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn),ECOMSED無(wú)法處理露灘情況,而且只能對(duì)全湖懸浮物濃度在空間上賦予唯一值。因此,對(duì)原有模型增加了處理干濕邊界的代碼,并對(duì)太湖初始懸浮物濃度進(jìn)行了空間化處理。(2) ECOMSED模型參數(shù)的敏感性分析一個(gè)因素對(duì)模型結(jié)果的影響程度,可以用敏感度系數(shù)的大小來(lái)判定。敏感度系數(shù)愈大,因素對(duì)于結(jié)果的影響就越為顯著。本文選取影響太湖懸浮物模擬結(jié)果的3個(gè)主導(dǎo)因素(風(fēng)速、底質(zhì)特性常數(shù)以及再懸浮指數(shù)n)進(jìn)行敏感性分析,以探討這些典型的主導(dǎo)因素對(duì)太湖懸浮物濃度分布的影響程度與作用機(jī)制,同時(shí)確定的敏感性區(qū)間可以為模型參數(shù)的率定提供參考范圍。(3)太湖懸浮物的數(shù)值模擬研究在對(duì)ECOMSED模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行率定后,利用ECOMSED水沙模型耦合太湖實(shí)測(cè)懸浮物數(shù)據(jù)以及遙感反演成果數(shù)據(jù)的方法,對(duì)太湖懸浮物濃度的分布進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)模擬。在對(duì)太湖流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)太湖監(jiān)測(cè)站點(diǎn)上的實(shí)測(cè)懸浮物數(shù)據(jù)以及對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)間的懸浮物遙感反演成果數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比和誤差統(tǒng)計(jì)分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),太湖西北沿岸以及梅梁湖水域的懸浮物濃度均比較高,而太湖中心地帶的懸浮物濃度則介于上述兩個(gè)水域之間,并集中在40—60mg/L。綜上可以得出,ECOMSED模型在模擬太湖懸浮物濃度分布上的可靠性。(4)太湖懸浮物模型系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建基于GIS以及可視化技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了獨(dú)立模塊的集成,構(gòu)建了模型數(shù)據(jù)輸入、數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理、控制模擬及結(jié)果可視化等功能于一體的太湖懸浮物模型系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了太湖懸浮物模型模擬結(jié)果(流場(chǎng)和懸浮物濃度分布)的準(zhǔn)實(shí)時(shí)可視化,為太湖水體懸浮物濃度分布規(guī)律和水質(zhì)污染的治理提供決策與支持。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's social economy, the water quality is not optimistic, especially the eutrophication pollution of lakes. Suspended solids are important substances which affect the water quality of Taihu Lake. They are not only the basis of algae, but also the turbidity of Taihu Lake by changing the water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and protect the water quality. Today, there are more than 20 buoy monitoring systems in Taihu Lake, and the water quality parameters monitors carried on them can monitor the water quality parameters of Taihu Lake in real time, including turbidity data, chlorophyll a concentration and so on. Long-term monitoring can accumulate long-term continuous observation data, which is of great significance to water environment remote sensing research and water resources management. However, the data obtained by buoy monitoring can only represent the water quality in a small area of observation, but can not reflect the overall situation of the lake. At present, numerical simulation method is widely used in the study of lake water quality and ecological environment, which is of great significance to the construction of channel dredging project and the sustainable utilization of Lake resources. Many numerical models have been studied to verify their reliability in practical application. However, due to the complicated hydrodynamic operation mechanism of lakes, the numerous parameters of numerical models and the difficulty of data acquisition, it is necessary to select the typical dominant factors in the model for sensitivity analysis and explore the influence of different dominant factors on the simulation results. Based on this, this paper takes Taihu Lake as the research area, takes the suspended matter data as an example, aiming at the spatial distribution of suspended matter in Taihu Lake, tries to introduce the three-dimensional water-sediment model ECOMSED. Based on the study of the model mechanism and model construction, the model code was modified, and the main factors in the model were selected to carry out sensitivity analysis. After realizing the monitoring site data, coupling the remote sensing inversion results of suspended solids in Lake Taihu with ECOMSED, the model parameters were calibrated, the suspended solids in Lake Taihu were simulated and studied. The main research contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) ECOMSED model mechanism research refers to the relevant data and model formula of ECOMSED model, comprehensively analyzes the role of ECOMSED in model simulation on the basis of understanding the meaning of hydrodynamic and suspended sediment transport parameters, and at the same time analyzes the structure of the model. In the process of model analysis, ECOMSED can not deal with dew beach, and can only give a unique value to the concentration of suspended solids in the whole lake space. In this paper, three main factors (wind speed, sediment characteristic constant and resuspension index n) affecting the simulation results of suspended solids in Lake Taihu are selected to be sensitive. The influence degree and mechanism of these typical dominant factors on the concentration distribution of suspended solids in Lake Taihu are analyzed, and the sensitivity interval determined can provide a reference range for the calibration of model parameters. (3) The numerical simulation of suspended solids in Lake Taihu is carried out after the calibration of ECOMSED model parameters. Based on the verification of the flow field in Lake Taihu, the data of suspended solids measured at the monitoring station of Lake Taihu and the data of remote sensing inversion of suspended solids at the corresponding time are compared and analyzed. It was found that the concentration of suspended solids in the northwest coast of Lake Taihu and Meiliang Lake was relatively high, while the concentration of suspended solids in the center of Lake Taihu was between the two waters, and concentrated in 40-60 mg/L. In conclusion, the reliability of ECOMSED model in simulating the concentration distribution of suspended solids in Lake Taihu can be concluded. (4) The structure of the suspended solids model system of Lake Taihu. Based on GIS and visualization technology, the integration of independent modules is realized, and the suspended matter model system of Taihu Lake, which integrates the functions of model data input, data preprocessing, control simulation and result visualization, is constructed. The quasi-real-time visualization of simulation results (flow field and suspended matter concentration distribution) of the suspended matter model of Taihu Lake is realized. The concentration distribution of suspended solids and the treatment of water pollution provide decision and support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X524;X87

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