發(fā)布時間：2018-08-12 16:18

【摘要】：采用外源添加螯合劑或表面活性劑強化植物修復重金屬污染土壤,在國內(nèi)外己受到廣泛關注,并取得了突破性的成果。本文以因使用生活垃圾肥而引起的重金屬污染土壤為研究對象,采用內(nèi)梅羅綜合指數(shù)評價了該地區(qū)重金屬污染情況,選擇出了目標重金屬Pb和Cd；通過室內(nèi)靜態(tài)活化實驗探索了不同類型的螯合劑和表面活性劑對重金屬的活化效果,得出了最佳活化時間和濃度,并采用室內(nèi)盆栽和田間實驗研究了巨菌草在表面活性劑和螯合劑作用下對重金屬污染土壤的修復效果：(1)以《溫室蔬菜產(chǎn)地環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價標準》為標準,通過內(nèi)梅羅綜合指數(shù)對土壤中Pb、Cd、As和Hg進行了評價,結(jié)果顯示As內(nèi)梅羅指數(shù)在標準范圍內(nèi),Hg在輕度污染范圍內(nèi),而Pb和Cd的內(nèi)梅羅指數(shù)分別為2.69和9.17,Pb達到中度污染,Cd已達到重度污染水平,其含量分別為105.97 mg·kg~（-1）和1.84 mg·kg~（-1）。(2)添加EDTA.檸檬酸、TX~（-1）00和茶皂素強化作用后,土壤溶液中的pH值均有下降,EDTA和檸檬酸強化第7d時pH值降低最顯著,較強化前降低了0.15～0.99個單位,而TX~（-1）00和茶皂素強化第14d時pH值降低最顯著,較強化前降低了0.11～0.83個單位,隨著強化時間的增加,土壤溶液的pH值逐漸增加并在第28d趨于穩(wěn)定；除TX~（-1）00外,在其他強化劑作用下,土壤中Pb和Cd有效態(tài)含量在強化第7d時增加最為顯著,在且隨濃度越大有效態(tài)含量越高,隨著強化時間的增加有效態(tài)含量在第28d逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定。(3)強化作用第28d后的土壤形態(tài)分析表明：土壤中酸溶態(tài)和可還原態(tài)Pb和Cd占總百分含量變化較為顯著,其中酸溶態(tài)在一定程度上有所增加,且隨螯合劑和表面活性劑濃度的增加而增加,可還原態(tài)有所降低,在高濃度條件下,降低幅度較為顯著。(4)采用盆栽實驗,外源添加非離子表面活性劑TX~（-1）00和生物表面活性劑茶皂素強化巨菌草修復重金屬污染土壤。發(fā)現(xiàn)在表面活性劑強化第28d時,土壤中Pb和Cd的酸溶態(tài)、可還原態(tài)和可氧化態(tài)含量及其總量均有不同程度降低,且茶皂素作用效果優(yōu)于TX~（-1）00。(5)TX~（-1）00均提高了巨菌草體內(nèi)Pb和Cd的累積量,濃度為5.0 mmol·L~（-1）時效果最顯著,較對照組分別增加了73.52%和35.77%；在茶皂素作用下巨菌草體內(nèi)Pb和Cd含量也有顯著增加,當濃度為5.0g.L~（-1）時Pb最大增加了76.37%,當濃度為1.0g·L~（-1）時Cd最大增加了48.3%,比較TX~（-1）00和茶皂素強化效果發(fā)現(xiàn)茶皂素TX~（-1）00。(6)采用蔬菜基地田間實驗,分別添加10.0 mmol·L~（-1）的EDTA和檸檬酸強化巨菌草修復污染土壤。酸溶態(tài)Pb和Cd變化最為顯著,在根際土壤中的含量較非根際土壤顯著增加,其中EDTA強化處理分別增加了26.78%和9.13%,檸檬強化處理分別增加了25.41%和2.23%。在EDTA和檸檬酸作用下,Pb和Cd在巨菌草體內(nèi)的累積量顯著增加,且EDTA效果顯著于檸檬酸,較對照組分別增加了92.43%和26.79%。
[Abstract]:The application of exogenous chelating agent or surfactant in plant remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil has received extensive attention at home and abroad, and breakthrough results have been obtained. In this paper, the heavy metal polluted soil caused by the use of domestic waste fertilizer was used as the research object, the heavy metal pollution in this area was evaluated by the Nemero comprehensive index, and the target heavy metals Pb and CD were selected. The activation effects of different chelating agents and surfactants on heavy metals were investigated by static activation experiments in laboratory. The optimum activation time and concentration were obtained. Pot experiment and field experiment were used to study the remediation effect of macrobacillus on heavy metal contaminated soil under the action of surfactant and chelating agent. (1) the environmental quality evaluation standard of greenhouse vegetable producing area was taken as the standard. In this paper, the PbCd-Cd-As and Hg in soil were evaluated by Nemero index. The results showed that the index of as was in the range of light pollution within the standard range. The content of Pb and CD were 105.97 mg kg-1 and 1.84 mg kg-1). (2, respectively. The NMELO index of Pb and CD were 2.69 and 9.17%, respectively. The content of Pb and CD reached the level of severe pollution, and the contents were 105.97 mg kg-1 and 1.84 mg kg-1). (2, respectively. The pH value of soil solution decreased significantly after strengthening with citrate TX-1 00 and tea saponin. The pH value of EDTA and citric acid decreased most significantly at the 7th day, and the pH value of TX-1 00 and tea saponin decreased significantly at the 14th day, compared with that before strengthening. The pH value of soil solution increased gradually and became stable on the 28th day, except for TX-1 ~ (-1) 00, under the action of other strengthening agents, the pH value of soil solution decreased by 0.11 ~ (0.83) units, and the pH value of soil solution gradually increased with the increase of strengthening time. The contents of available forms of Pb and CD in soil increased most significantly at the 7th day of enrichment, and the higher the concentration of available forms was, the higher the content of available forms was with the concentration of Pb and CD. With the increase of strengthening time, the content of available state gradually stabilized on the 28th day. (3) the analysis of soil morphology after 28 days of intensification showed that the contents of acid soluble and reducible Pb and CD in the soil changed significantly. The acid soluble state increased to some extent and decreased with the increase of chelating agent and surfactant concentration. Exogenous Nonionic surfactant TX-1 00 and biosurfactant tea saponin were added to enhance the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. It was found that the acid soluble, reductive and oxidizable state contents and total amount of Pb and CD in soil were decreased in different degree when the surfactant was strengthened for 28 days, and the effect of tea saponin was better than that of TX-1 000.5TX-1 00 increased the accumulation of Pb and CD in macrobacillus grasses, and the effect of tea saponin was better than that of TX-1. (5) TX-1 00 increased the accumulation of Pb and CD in the soil. When the concentration was 5.0 mmol L ~ (-1), the effect was the most significant, which increased 73.52% and 35.77%, respectively, compared with the control group, and the contents of Pb and CD also increased significantly under the action of tea saponin. When the concentration was 5.0 g 路L ~ (-1), Pb increased 76.37g 路L ~ (-1), and CD increased 48.3% when the concentration was 1.0 g / L ~ (-1). Compared with TX-1 ~ (-1) 00 and tea saponin fortified effect, it was found that tea saponin TX-1 ~ (-1) 00. (6) the field experiment was carried out in vegetable field. EDTA and citric acid supplemented 10.0 mmol L ~ (-1) were used to strengthen the remediation of contaminated soil. The content of acid soluble Pb and CD in rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. The contents of Pb and CD were increased by 26.78% and 9.13% in EDTA and 25.41% and 2.23% in lemon fortified soil, respectively. Under the action of EDTA and citric acid, the accumulative amount of Pb and CD in macrobacillus was significantly increased, and the effect of EDTA was significantly higher than that of citric acid, which was 92.43% and 26.79% higher than that of the control group, respectively.
【學位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X53

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