【摘要】：隨著人們對雨水資源利用的重視,雨水水質(zhì)安全問題逐步受到關(guān)注;同時由于抗生素的濫用,雨水徑流中可能存在耐藥性病原菌,而耐藥性病原微生物在水中的擴(kuò)散、遷移以及對雨水利用的過程中具有潛在影響,目前針對多重耐藥性病原微生物在水體中的污染行為研究較少。本文選用從雨水徑流中分離的可培養(yǎng)細(xì)菌,探究了雨水中耐藥性細(xì)菌的分布規(guī)律與表面特性,并以石英砂模擬環(huán)境多孔介質(zhì),研究不同水環(huán)境因子條件下多重耐藥性細(xì)菌在飽和石英砂濾柱中的遷移粘附規(guī)律,并試圖回答細(xì)菌在獲得耐藥性后是否會改變表面特征,從而影響其在環(huán)境中的遷移規(guī)律和最終歸宿這一科學(xué)問題,得到以下主要結(jié)論:(1)雨水中存在大量的耐藥性細(xì)菌,且大多表現(xiàn)為多重耐藥性。在從雨水徑流中分離的200株可培養(yǎng)細(xì)菌中,具有耐藥性細(xì)菌的比例為96.95%,其中多重耐藥性細(xì)菌占62.30%。耐藥性細(xì)菌對甲氧卞啶/磺胺甲惡唑(SXT)、氨芐西林(AMP)、慶大霉素(GEN)、四環(huán)素(TC)的耐藥性比例較高,對阿米卡星(AMIK)、左氧氟沙星(LVXO)耐藥性較低。(2)細(xì)菌獲得耐藥性后,在不同離子強(qiáng)度下,其表面特征發(fā)生改變。不同抗生素培養(yǎng)條件下,細(xì)菌的Zeta電位無明顯差異,而疏水性都增大;細(xì)菌的Zeta電位隨離子強(qiáng)度上升而增大。(3)離子強(qiáng)度、抗生素培養(yǎng)條件以及不同菌種能夠影響細(xì)菌的粘附特性。離子強(qiáng)度越大,細(xì)菌粘附速率常數(shù)Kd越大,DLVO理論的排斥勢能能峰越低,細(xì)菌粘附特性越強(qiáng);細(xì)菌獲得耐藥性后,其粘附速率常數(shù)Kd增大,但不同抗生素培養(yǎng)條件下,細(xì)菌粘附速率常數(shù)Kd差異較小;不同耐藥性菌種間的粘附性存在差異,陰溝腸桿菌KU942498的粘附性要高于大腸桿菌AB604196、大腸桿菌JN578647。(4)有機(jī)物對多重耐藥性細(xì)菌的粘附特性具有顯著影響。腐殖酸、海藻酸存在時,細(xì)菌的粘附速率常數(shù)Kd隨離子強(qiáng)度和抗生素培養(yǎng)條件的變化規(guī)律仍存在,但相比無有機(jī)物存在時的粘附性降低,海藻酸比腐殖酸對細(xì)菌粘附的抑制作用更為明顯。去除細(xì)菌胞外聚合物后,細(xì)胞疏水性增大,粘附速率常數(shù)Kd提高。
[Abstract]:With the attention paid to the utilization of rain water resources, attention has been paid to the safety of Rain Water water quality. Meanwhile, due to the abuse of antibiotics, there may be drug-resistant pathogens in the runoff of Rain Water, and the spread of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms in the water. Migration and its potential effects on the use of Rain Water have not been studied as to the contamination behavior of multidrug resistant pathogenic microorganisms in water. In this paper, culturable bacteria isolated from Rain Water runoff were selected to study the distribution and surface characteristics of drug-resistant bacteria in Rain Water, and quartz sand was used to simulate the porous media in the environment. To study the migration and adhesion of multidrug resistant bacteria in saturated quartz sand filtration column under different water environmental factors, and to try to answer whether the bacteria will change the surface characteristics after obtaining drug resistance. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there are a large number of drug-resistant bacteria in Rain Water, and most of them are multidrug resistant. Of the 200 strains of culturable bacteria isolated from Rain Water runoff, the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria was 96.95, of which multidrug resistant bacteria accounted for 62.30%. The drug resistance of resistant bacteria to trimethopentidine / sulfamethoxazole (SXT), (AMP), (AMP), (GEN), tetracycline (TC) was higher than that to amikacin (AMIK), levofloxacin (LVXO). (2) the bacteria acquired resistance to ampicillin and ampicillin at different ionic intensities. Its surface features have changed. Under different antibiotic culture conditions, the Zeta potential of bacteria had no significant difference, but the hydrophobicity of bacteria increased, the Zeta potential of bacteria increased with the increase of ionic strength. (3) Ion strength, Antibiotic culture conditions and different strains can affect the adhesion characteristics of bacteria. The higher the ionic strength is, the larger the bacterial adhesion rate constant KD is, the lower the repulsive potential energy peak of DLVO theory is, and the stronger the adhesion characteristic of bacteria is, the higher the adhesion rate constant K _ d is when bacteria acquire drug resistance, but under different antibiotic culture conditions, The adhesion rate constant of bacteria was small, and the adhesion of Enterobacter cloacae (KU942498) was higher than that of Escherichia coli AB604196. (4) Organic matter had significant influence on the adhesion of multidrug resistant bacteria. (4) the adhesiveness of Enterobacter cloacae was higher than that of Escherichia coli AB604196. (4) Organic matter had a significant effect on the adhesion of multidrug resistant bacteria. In the presence of humic acid and alginic acid, the adhesion rate constant (KD) of bacteria remained with the change of ionic strength and antibiotic culture conditions, but the adhesion rate of bacteria was lower than that of no organic compounds. The inhibitory effect of alginic acid on bacterial adhesion was more obvious than humic acid. After removing the extracellular polymer, the hydrophobicity of the cells increased and the adhesion rate constant KD increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52

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