發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 12:28

【摘要】：霧霾已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前我國社會最關(guān)切的環(huán)境問題之一。在許多大中型城市中,隨著汽車保有量的不斷增加,汽車排放逐漸成為導(dǎo)致霧霾的重要因素,發(fā)展新型高效的汽車尾氣凈化技術(shù)對于降低污染、保護(hù)環(huán)境具有重要意義。荷電噴霧與低溫等離子體作為防治顆粒物與有害氣體污染的新技術(shù),具有高效、節(jié)能等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在汽車尾氣細(xì)顆粒物以及有害氣體的脫除和控制等方面的應(yīng)用前景十分廣闊。荷電噴霧協(xié)同低溫等離子體凈化汽車尾氣的機(jī)制十分復(fù)雜,開展荷電噴霧協(xié)同低溫等離子體凈化汽車尾氣特性的研究是發(fā)展高效尾氣凈化技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ),具有重要的研究價值。本文結(jié)合荷電噴霧與低溫等離子體技術(shù),搭建了柴油機(jī)尾氣凈化實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),對靜電噴霧的荷電特性、脫除細(xì)顆粒物的特性以及柴油機(jī)尾氣的凈化效果開展了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究工作,為荷電噴霧協(xié)同低溫等離子尾氣凈化技術(shù)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用奠定了實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ),主要研究如下:1.針對柴油機(jī)排氣系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)并制作了環(huán)狀感應(yīng)荷電噴頭,并對靜電噴霧的荷電特性以及噴霧特性進(jìn)行了測量和分析,結(jié)果表明:液滴的荷質(zhì)比隨荷電電壓的增大而先增大后減小;液滴荷電效果與霧化壓力有關(guān),且存在荷電效果最佳的霧化壓力值;通過對噴霧荷電可以減小噴霧中液滴的粒徑,且液滴粒徑越大,荷電電壓對其粒徑的影響越強(qiáng)。2.基于柴油機(jī)尾氣的排氣速度和尾氣顆粒粒徑的分布范圍,設(shè)計(jì)并搭建了荷電噴霧除塵實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng);利用柴油燃燒產(chǎn)生的細(xì)顆粒物來模擬柴油機(jī)尾氣顆粒進(jìn)行預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn),探究了荷電噴霧脫除模擬尾氣顆粒的特性,研究結(jié)果表明:通過對液滴荷電,裝置除塵效率最高可提升27.5%,是液滴非荷電狀態(tài)下除塵效率的3~4倍;單獨(dú)對顆粒荷電時裝置的除塵效率要高于單獨(dú)對液滴荷電時的除塵效率,且當(dāng)二者同時荷相反電荷時,裝置除塵效率最高可達(dá)92.3%。3.對荷電噴霧協(xié)同低溫等離子體凈化柴油機(jī)尾氣的效果進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,研究結(jié)果表明:荷電噴霧的除塵效率隨噴霧流量的增大而增大,在中低轉(zhuǎn)速下,噴霧流量的提高對裝置除塵效率的提升效果較為明顯;NO、CO、HC三種有害氣體的凈化效率均隨著發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的提高而下降,其中CO的下降幅度最大,達(dá)40.2%,HC的下降幅度最小,為11.7%。4.通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測量,分析了尾氣加濕對柴油機(jī)尾氣顆粒物脫除以及有害氣體凈化的影響,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):尾氣加濕可以提高裝置對顆粒物的凈化效率,尤其是在中高轉(zhuǎn)速下,效率提升可達(dá)17%;尾氣加濕可以促進(jìn)CO、NO的轉(zhuǎn)化,但對HC的凈化效率影響不大,當(dāng)荷電電壓較高時,對NO的促進(jìn)作用會隨著電壓的進(jìn)一步增大而逐漸減弱。
[Abstract]:Haze has become one of the most concerned environmental problems in China. In many large and medium-sized cities, with the continuous increase of vehicle ownership, vehicle emissions have gradually become an important factor leading to haze. It is of great significance to develop new and efficient vehicle exhaust purification technology to reduce pollution and protect the environment. As a new technology to prevent and control the pollution of particulates and harmful gases, charged electrospray and low temperature plasma have the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, and have a broad application prospect in the field of removal and control of fine particulates and harmful gases from automobile exhaust. The mechanism of electrospray combined with low temperature plasma for purifying automobile tail gas is very complicated. It is the foundation of developing efficient exhaust gas purification technology to study the characteristics of charged spray and low temperature plasma for purifying automobile exhaust gas, which has important research value. Combined with charged spray and low temperature plasma technology, a diesel exhaust purification experiment system was set up in this paper. The characteristics of electrostatic spray, the characteristics of removing fine particles and the purifying effect of diesel exhaust were studied experimentally. It lays an experimental foundation for the development and application of the combined low temperature plasma tail gas purification technology, the main research is as follows: 1. According to the structure characteristics of diesel engine exhaust system, the ring induction charge injection head is designed and manufactured, and the charge and spray characteristics of electrostatic spray are measured and analyzed. The results show that the charge mass ratio of the droplet increases first and then decreases with the increase of the charged voltage, the charge effect of the droplet is related to the atomization pressure and there is the best atomization pressure value of the charge effect, and the particle size of the droplet in the spray can be reduced by the spray charge. The larger the droplet size is, the stronger the effect of charged voltage on the particle size is. 2. Based on the exhaust velocity of diesel engine exhaust gas and the distribution range of exhaust gas particle size, the experimental system of charged electric spray dust removal was designed and built. The characteristics of removing simulated tail gas particles by charged spray are investigated. The results show that the dust removal efficiency of the device can be raised by 27.5g by charging the droplet, which is 3 ~ 4 times of the dedusting efficiency under the non-charged state of the droplet. The dedusting efficiency of the device is higher than that of the liquid droplet charged alone, and when the two charge the opposite charge at the same time, the dedusting efficiency of the device can reach 92.3%. 3. The effect of charged spray and low temperature plasma on purifying diesel engine exhaust gas is studied experimentally. The results show that the dust removal efficiency of charged spray increases with the increase of spray flow rate, and at low speed and low speed, the dedusting efficiency increases with the increase of spray flow rate. With the increase of spray flow rate, the cleaning efficiency of the three harmful gases decreased with the increase of engine speed, and the decrease of CO was the biggest, and the decrease of 40.2% HC was the smallest, which was 11.7.4.The effect of increasing the spray flow rate on the dedusting efficiency of the plant was obvious, and the purification efficiency of the three harmful gases decreased with the increase of engine speed. The effects of tail gas humidification on the removal of particulate matter from diesel engine exhaust and the purification of harmful gas are analyzed. It is found that the humidification of exhaust gas can improve the purification efficiency of particulate matter, especially at medium and high speed. The humidification of tail gas can promote the conversion of CON no, but it has little effect on the purification efficiency of HC. When the charge voltage is high, the promotion of no will be weakened with the further increase of the voltage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X734.2

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