三亞蜈支洲島海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境演變與評(píng)價(jià)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-09 17:21
【摘要】：21世紀(jì)是海洋的世紀(jì),發(fā)展藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì),建設(shè)海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)。近年來(lái),由于海洋過(guò)度捕撈、污水排放,造成海域破壞,海洋生物喪失棲息地,發(fā)生赤潮等災(zāi)害,嚴(yán)重影響了海洋的可持續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)。因此,海洋牧場(chǎng)作為一種新型的海洋漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式,擁有修復(fù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、改善水質(zhì)的作用。蜈支洲島海洋牧場(chǎng)作為中國(guó)第一個(gè)熱帶海洋牧場(chǎng),有效修復(fù)生態(tài)環(huán)境,但其目的是為了發(fā)展旅游業(yè)。海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游是三亞市海洋旅游重點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)的項(xiàng)目,蜈支洲島海洋牧場(chǎng)已經(jīng)初具規(guī)模,形成了良好的生物圈,開(kāi)展了潛水、海底觀光、海釣等旅游服務(wù)項(xiàng)目,其生態(tài)環(huán)境是吸引海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游者的重要資源,因此對(duì)海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游區(qū)的水質(zhì)生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)行分析評(píng)價(jià)具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。首先以Landsat-5 TM影像和GF-1 WFV2影像作為遙感基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合海域相關(guān)站點(diǎn)實(shí)采數(shù)據(jù),分析各波段與葉綠素a和懸浮物濃度之間的相關(guān)性,分別建構(gòu)反演模型。其次運(yùn)用ENVI 5.3和ArcGIS 10.3,獲取葉綠素a和懸浮物濃度的分布圖,進(jìn)行分析評(píng)價(jià),從時(shí)空方面分析其濃度的變化狀況;同時(shí)對(duì)海域的浮游植物生物多樣性、均勻度和浮游動(dòng)物生物量進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,分析2010年到2014年蜈支洲島海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游區(qū)生物環(huán)境的變化,探討分析海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游與生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系,得出如下結(jié)論。(1)2010-2014年蜈支洲島海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游區(qū)水中葉綠素a濃度明顯上升,特別是南部、東南部濃度較高。大部分研究區(qū)域葉綠素a濃度小于2 mg/m3,濃度低說(shuō)明水質(zhì)清澈,成為旅游的重大吸引力。(2)2010-2014年蜈支洲島海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游區(qū)懸浮物濃度上升,且分布發(fā)生很大變化。97%的區(qū)域懸浮物濃度小于10 mg/L,但隨著海上旅游項(xiàng)目的拓展,在蜈支洲島北部、西北部海水浴場(chǎng)區(qū)域,受旅游活動(dòng)影響,懸浮物濃度高,影響了水體濁度,進(jìn)而影響旅游質(zhì)量。(3)2010-2014年蜈支洲島海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游區(qū)海域中浮游植物和浮游動(dòng)物種類、數(shù)量均有增加。浮游植物種類由39種發(fā)展到2014年的58種,多樣性指數(shù)由1.27上升到2.32,同時(shí),四年間浮游動(dòng)物生物量翻了 3.5倍�？梢�(jiàn)研究區(qū)生物環(huán)境得到了改善,有利于海釣、潛水觀光等海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)發(fā)。(4)蜈支洲島海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游和生態(tài)環(huán)境之間是相互影響的,旅游既能促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)也能脅迫生態(tài)環(huán)境,同樣生態(tài)環(huán)境能夠約束旅游發(fā)展也能增強(qiáng)旅游吸引力。在今后的研究中,應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大生態(tài)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)因子,優(yōu)化評(píng)價(jià)精度,為熱帶海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游開(kāi)發(fā)和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)等方面提供科學(xué)依據(jù),實(shí)現(xiàn)海洋牧場(chǎng)旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The 21 st century is the century of ocean, develop blue economy, build ocean powerful nation. In recent years, marine overfishing, sewage discharge, marine damage, marine habitat loss, red tide and other disasters have seriously affected the sustainable development of the ocean. Therefore, as a new mode of marine fishery production, marine pasture has the function of restoring ecological environment and improving water quality. As the first tropical oceanic pasture in China, Centigezhoudao Ocean Ranch effectively rehabilitates the ecological environment, but its purpose is to develop tourism. Marine ranching tourism is a key development project of marine tourism in Sanya City. The marine pastures of Centibuzhoudao have begun to take shape, forming a good biosphere and developing tourism service projects such as diving, undersea sightseeing, and sea fishing. The ecological environment is an important resource to attract the tourists of marine pastures, so it is of practical significance to analyze and evaluate the ecological environment of water quality in the tourist areas of marine pastures. Firstly, Landsat-5 TM image and GF-1 WFV2 image are used as the basic remote sensing data, and the correlation between each band and chlorophyll a and suspended substance concentration is analyzed in combination with the actual data collected from the relevant stations in the sea area, and the inversion model is constructed respectively. Secondly, using ENVI 5.3 and ArcGIS 10.3, the distribution maps of chlorophyll a and suspended solids were obtained, and the variation of chlorophyll a and suspended solids concentration was analyzed from time to time, and the biodiversity of phytoplankton in the sea area was also analyzed. The evenness and zooplankton biomass were calculated, and the changes of biological environment in the marine rangeland tourism area of Centibuzhoudao from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed, and the relationship between marine rangeland tourism and ecological environment was discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the concentration of chlorophyll a in the water from 2010 to 2014 in the Seijiuzhou Island marine rangeland tourism area increased obviously, especially in the south and southeast. The concentration of chlorophyll a in most study areas is less than 2 mg / m ~ 3, which indicates that the water quality is clear and becomes a great attraction for tourism. (2) the concentration of suspended matter in the tourist area of the Centifuzhoudao Marine Ranch from 2010 to 2014 increased. The concentration of suspended matter is less than 10 mg / L, but with the development of marine tourism project, the concentration of suspended solids in the northern and northwestern bathing areas of Centiaozhou Island is affected by tourism activities, and the concentration of suspended solids is high, which affects the turbidity of the water body. And then affect the quality of tourism. (3) the number of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the sea area of Seijiuzhoudao marine pastureland from 2010 to 2014 has increased. Phytoplankton species increased from 39 species to 58 species in 2014, the diversity index increased from 1.27 to 2.32, and zooplankton biomass increased 3.5 times in four years. It can be seen that the biological environment in the research area has been improved, which is conducive to the development of marine rangeland tourism projects such as sea fishing, diving and sightseeing. (4) there is an interaction between the tourism and the ecological environment of the marine pastures on Centibuzhoudao. Tourism can not only promote environmental protection, but also enhance the attraction of tourism. In the future research, we should expand the evaluation factors of ecological environment, optimize the evaluation accuracy, provide scientific basis for the tourism development and ecological environment protection of tropical marine pasture, and realize the sustainable development of marine rangeland tourism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X171.1;F592.7
[Abstract]:The 21 st century is the century of ocean, develop blue economy, build ocean powerful nation. In recent years, marine overfishing, sewage discharge, marine damage, marine habitat loss, red tide and other disasters have seriously affected the sustainable development of the ocean. Therefore, as a new mode of marine fishery production, marine pasture has the function of restoring ecological environment and improving water quality. As the first tropical oceanic pasture in China, Centigezhoudao Ocean Ranch effectively rehabilitates the ecological environment, but its purpose is to develop tourism. Marine ranching tourism is a key development project of marine tourism in Sanya City. The marine pastures of Centibuzhoudao have begun to take shape, forming a good biosphere and developing tourism service projects such as diving, undersea sightseeing, and sea fishing. The ecological environment is an important resource to attract the tourists of marine pastures, so it is of practical significance to analyze and evaluate the ecological environment of water quality in the tourist areas of marine pastures. Firstly, Landsat-5 TM image and GF-1 WFV2 image are used as the basic remote sensing data, and the correlation between each band and chlorophyll a and suspended substance concentration is analyzed in combination with the actual data collected from the relevant stations in the sea area, and the inversion model is constructed respectively. Secondly, using ENVI 5.3 and ArcGIS 10.3, the distribution maps of chlorophyll a and suspended solids were obtained, and the variation of chlorophyll a and suspended solids concentration was analyzed from time to time, and the biodiversity of phytoplankton in the sea area was also analyzed. The evenness and zooplankton biomass were calculated, and the changes of biological environment in the marine rangeland tourism area of Centibuzhoudao from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed, and the relationship between marine rangeland tourism and ecological environment was discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the concentration of chlorophyll a in the water from 2010 to 2014 in the Seijiuzhou Island marine rangeland tourism area increased obviously, especially in the south and southeast. The concentration of chlorophyll a in most study areas is less than 2 mg / m ~ 3, which indicates that the water quality is clear and becomes a great attraction for tourism. (2) the concentration of suspended matter in the tourist area of the Centifuzhoudao Marine Ranch from 2010 to 2014 increased. The concentration of suspended matter is less than 10 mg / L, but with the development of marine tourism project, the concentration of suspended solids in the northern and northwestern bathing areas of Centiaozhou Island is affected by tourism activities, and the concentration of suspended solids is high, which affects the turbidity of the water body. And then affect the quality of tourism. (3) the number of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the sea area of Seijiuzhoudao marine pastureland from 2010 to 2014 has increased. Phytoplankton species increased from 39 species to 58 species in 2014, the diversity index increased from 1.27 to 2.32, and zooplankton biomass increased 3.5 times in four years. It can be seen that the biological environment in the research area has been improved, which is conducive to the development of marine rangeland tourism projects such as sea fishing, diving and sightseeing. (4) there is an interaction between the tourism and the ecological environment of the marine pastures on Centibuzhoudao. Tourism can not only promote environmental protection, but also enhance the attraction of tourism. In the future research, we should expand the evaluation factors of ecological environment, optimize the evaluation accuracy, provide scientific basis for the tourism development and ecological environment protection of tropical marine pasture, and realize the sustainable development of marine rangeland tourism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X171.1;F592.7
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