【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和工業(yè)進(jìn)步帶動(dòng)了社會(huì)發(fā)展,促使人類對(duì)淡水污染的防治問題越來(lái)越重視。采用合理的水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)方法以及建立穩(wěn)定可靠的水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)體系是進(jìn)行水資源污染監(jiān)測(cè)和治理的重要手段。這就需要針對(duì)大面積的湖泊水域,進(jìn)行水質(zhì)等級(jí)監(jiān)測(cè)方法的研究以及量化的分析軟件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。本課題以此為研究背景,將水污染這個(gè)復(fù)雜的機(jī)理量化到一些與富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化相關(guān)性比較大的水質(zhì)參數(shù)中,通過(guò)經(jīng)驗(yàn)關(guān)系選擇總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)、葉綠素a(Chl_a)、懸浮物(ss)、高錳酸(CODmn)五個(gè)參數(shù)作為研究變量,依據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)地表水的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和本課題的研究參數(shù),制定本課題中湖泊富營(yíng)養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)的參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn),結(jié)合主流的水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)算法:綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)法(TLI)、單因子評(píng)價(jià)法、模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法、BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法,分別進(jìn)行水體質(zhì)量評(píng)估。水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)體系建立的關(guān)鍵在于水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)優(yōu)化模型的構(gòu)建。從擇優(yōu)的角度出發(fā),對(duì)各算法評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果與實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,確立BP算法作為水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)優(yōu)化算法建模的原始模型。利用遺傳算法全局尋優(yōu)的能力,彌補(bǔ)BP算法初始權(quán)值和閾值不確定帶來(lái)的精度差異,構(gòu)建優(yōu)化的GA-BP模型對(duì)水體質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。與傳統(tǒng)的BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法仿真對(duì)比,顯示混合型GA-BP算法在計(jì)算效率和評(píng)價(jià)精度上存在明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì),優(yōu)化后的GA-BP模型評(píng)價(jià)精度從原來(lái)的0.1達(dá)到了0.05,且評(píng)價(jià)速度加快了4倍。為了構(gòu)建完整的評(píng)價(jià)體系,本課題設(shè)計(jì)了水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng),本系統(tǒng)功能包括:系統(tǒng)登陸、帶有海量數(shù)據(jù)的多格式反演影像的讀取、數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理、數(shù)據(jù)保存、數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算、評(píng)價(jià)算法的穩(wěn)定嵌入以及評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果的可視化顯示。選取IDL開發(fā)平臺(tái)和IDL編程語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)開發(fā)。設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的登陸模塊與評(píng)價(jià)模塊的流程與結(jié)構(gòu),詳細(xì)介紹了水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)的UI界面設(shè)計(jì)思路以及各個(gè)菜單欄布局,同時(shí)對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了功能性和非功能性的軟件測(cè)試。系統(tǒng)能夠準(zhǔn)確的對(duì)以龍泉湖為樣本,針對(duì)課題中5種評(píng)價(jià)參數(shù)的反演影像濃度獲取,進(jìn)而做水質(zhì)等級(jí)可視化劃分,建立量化的水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)軟件系統(tǒng),有效的對(duì)大面積的水域污染進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)。其研究成果為成都市科技局的水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)研發(fā)項(xiàng)目提供了可靠的保障。
[Abstract]:Economic development and industrial progress have driven social development, prompting human beings to pay more and more attention to the prevention and treatment of freshwater pollution. It is an important means to monitor and control water pollution by adopting reasonable water quality evaluation method and establishing a stable and reliable water quality evaluation system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the method of water quality grade monitoring and the design of quantitative analysis software system for the large area of lake waters. Based on this research background, this paper quantifies the complex mechanism of water pollution into some water quality parameters which have great correlation with eutrophication. Five parameters of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (Chl_a) and suspended substance (ss), high manganese acid (CODmn) were selected as the research variables through empirical relationship. The evaluation criteria of domestic surface water and the research parameters of this subject were used. The reference standard of lake eutrophication evaluation was established in this paper. Combined with the mainstream water quality evaluation algorithms: (TLI), single factor evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method BP neural network algorithm were used to evaluate water quality respectively. The key to the establishment of water quality evaluation system lies in the construction of water quality evaluation optimization model. From the point of view of optimal selection, the evaluation results of each algorithm are compared with the actual situation, and the BP algorithm is established as the original model of water quality evaluation optimization algorithm. The global optimization ability of genetic algorithm is used to make up for the accuracy difference caused by the uncertainty of initial weight and threshold of BP algorithm, and an optimized GA-BP model is constructed to evaluate the water quality. Compared with the traditional BP neural network algorithm, it shows that the hybrid GA-BP algorithm has obvious advantages in computational efficiency and evaluation accuracy. The evaluation accuracy of the optimized GA-BP model reaches 0.05 from the original 0.1, and the evaluation speed is 4 times faster. In order to construct a complete evaluation system, a water quality evaluation system is designed. The functions of the system include: system landing, reading of multi-format inversion image with massive data, data preprocessing, data saving, data operation, etc. Stable embedding of evaluation algorithm and visualization of evaluation results. IDL development platform and IDL programming language are selected to develop the system. The process and structure of the landing module and evaluation module of the system are designed. The UI interface design idea of the water quality assessment system and the layout of each menu bar are introduced in detail. At the same time, the functional and non-functional software tests are carried out on the system. The system can accurately take Longquan Lake as a sample to obtain the inversion image concentration of five evaluation parameters in the subject, and then make visual classification of water quality grade, and establish a quantitative water quality evaluation software system. Effective monitoring of large areas of water pollution. The research results provide a reliable guarantee for the R & D project of water quality monitoring in Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X824

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本文編號(hào)：2156423