【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,工業(yè)廢水和生活污水的排放逐年增加,這使得污水處理的剩余產(chǎn)物污泥也不斷增加。污泥的性質(zhì)極不穩(wěn)定且含有許多有毒有害成分,會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境和人類造成巨大危害。污泥焚燒是處理污泥最徹底的技術(shù),而我國(guó)污泥焚燒技術(shù)發(fā)展還不成熟,缺乏全面可靠的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),同時(shí)污泥焚燒處理的過程中也會(huì)產(chǎn)生各種污染物。因此本文將研究污泥焚燒特性及其污染物的排放與控制。首先,對(duì)污泥顆粒進(jìn)行工業(yè)分析和元素測(cè)定,發(fā)現(xiàn)污泥中揮發(fā)分、灰分含量高,固定碳含量、熱值較低;污泥中含有較多的N、S元素。在空氣氣氛中,利用熱分析儀對(duì)干化污泥進(jìn)行燃燒熱重試驗(yàn)分析,重點(diǎn)考察升溫速率對(duì)污泥燃燒特性的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)污泥焚燒存在四個(gè)失重溫度區(qū)間,分別在室溫-120℃、200℃-400℃、400℃-550℃和650℃-950℃。根據(jù)Coats-Redfern法進(jìn)行污泥燃燒動(dòng)力學(xué)求解分析,得出最概然機(jī)理函數(shù)積分形式為G(α)=(1-α)-1-1。其次,在流化床試驗(yàn)臺(tái)上,采用石英砂作為床料,研究污泥焚燒過程中不同燃燒溫度,空氣過量系數(shù),鈣硫比,FeCl3添加量對(duì)NOx、SO_2和HCl排放特性的影響。結(jié)果表明,焚燒溫度對(duì)NOx的生成有促進(jìn)作用,同時(shí)也會(huì)增加SO_2和HCl的排放,但當(dāng)溫度大于850℃時(shí),SO_2增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)減弱�？諝膺^量系數(shù)與NOx、SO_2生成正相關(guān),但對(duì)HCl沒有明顯影響。增加鈣硫比會(huì)促進(jìn)NOx生成;對(duì)SO_2和HCl產(chǎn)生具有抑制作用,但去除效果不佳。FeCl3會(huì)同時(shí)增加NOx、SO_2和HCl的排放。最后,利用電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜儀(ICP-OES)測(cè)定灰渣中Pb,Cr,Cd,Hg的含量來研究污泥在流化床內(nèi)燃燒重金屬遷移特性。結(jié)果表明,超過了95%的Hg在燃燒時(shí)隨煙氣排出,大多數(shù)Pb,Cr,Cd會(huì)富集到灰渣中。升高焚燒溫度,延長(zhǎng)焚燒時(shí)間都會(huì)減弱Pb,Cr,Cd在灰渣中殘留。Pb揮發(fā)性較弱,在灰渣中殘留率最高,Cd揮發(fā)性較強(qiáng),在灰渣中殘留率最低,而Cr會(huì)生成穩(wěn)定的氧化物,受焚燒溫度和焚燒時(shí)間的影響最小。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and technology in China, the discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage is increasing year by year. The nature of sludge is very unstable and contains many toxic and harmful components, which will cause great harm to the environment and human beings. Sludge incineration is the most thorough technology for sludge treatment. However, sludge incineration technology in China is still immature and lacks comprehensive and reliable experimental data. At the same time, various pollutants will be produced in the process of sludge incineration treatment. Therefore, the characteristics of sludge incineration and the discharge and control of pollutants will be studied in this paper. Firstly, the industrial analysis and elemental determination of sludge granules show that the sludge contains high volatile matter, high ash content, fixed carbon content and low calorific value, and the sludge contains more Nu S elements. In the air atmosphere, the combustion thermogravimetric test of dry sludge was carried out by means of thermal analyzer, and the effect of heating rate on the combustion characteristics of dry sludge was investigated. It is found that there are four weight-loss temperature ranges in sludge incineration, which are 400 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2124536