【摘要】：本文通過采集淮河蚌埠段不同行業(yè)排水、河流采樣點(diǎn)水樣和污水廠水樣(進(jìn)水、酸化池出水及最終出水)三大類水樣,用其對實(shí)驗(yàn)室馴養(yǎng)的淡水底棲雙殼類動物河蜆進(jìn)行為期14d的暴露,期間測定水樣的相關(guān)水質(zhì)參數(shù),如水溫、溶氧、p H等,記錄并統(tǒng)計(jì)暴露期間河蜆的死亡數(shù)。暴露結(jié)束后,分別取河蜆內(nèi)臟團(tuán)和雄性性腺組織樣,測定下列酶活:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽還原酶(GR)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽-S-轉(zhuǎn)移酶(GST)、乙酰膽堿酯酶(Ach E)和雄性河蜆性腺的卵黃蛋白原含量(Vtg),上述酶活測定結(jié)果再用第二版綜合生物標(biāo)志物響應(yīng)(IBR_(v2))進(jìn)行綜合評估。三大類水樣的評估結(jié)果及相關(guān)結(jié)論如下:1.行業(yè)水樣中三種不同行業(yè)總共15個(gè)水樣污染程度(IBR_(v2))的評估結(jié)果為:制藥類(9.32)橡膠類(8.94)食品類(8.22),三種行業(yè)水樣中Vtg、ACh E和MDA值均普遍較高,表明其受到雌激素及其類似物、神經(jīng)毒性類物質(zhì)及重金屬等的影響較大。2.食品類行業(yè)排水中Vtg含量較高,平均值為79.35μg/ml,GST含量較低,平均值僅為15.74 U/mg prot,表明其排水中激素類物質(zhì)含量較多而有機(jī)污染物含量相對較少;制藥類行業(yè)水樣中ACh E、GST和Vtg含量較高,分別為0.017 U/mg prot/min、20.66 U/mg prot/min和96.69μg/ml,表明其排水中神經(jīng)毒性物質(zhì)、有機(jī)污染物和激素類物質(zhì)含量較高;整體的氧化損傷方面則是橡膠制品行業(yè)最高,尤以C3和C4為最,分別為3.54μmol/mg prot和2.86μmol/mg prot。3.河流采樣點(diǎn)水體污染程度的評估結(jié)果(IBR_(v2))的平均值為8.11,低于行業(yè)排水的評估值。區(qū)別于不同行業(yè)廢水對水體的污染,河流采樣點(diǎn)水樣中Vtg和ACh E含量較高,分別為85.88μg/ml和0.027 U/mg prot/min,GST活性則被抑制,為9.68U/mg prot/min,表明雌激素及其類似物、農(nóng)藥化肥殘留及其它有機(jī)污染物等對水體影響相對較大,推測其來源主要為居民生活污水及農(nóng)藥化肥殘留等非點(diǎn)源排放所致。4.污水廠進(jìn)水、酸化池出水和最終出水三個(gè)水樣的評估結(jié)果(IBR_(v2))為進(jìn)水酸化池出水最終出水,評估結(jié)果分別為15.8、13.3和9.7。酸化池工藝在去除水體中有機(jī)污染物、神經(jīng)毒性類物質(zhì)和重金屬類物質(zhì)方面效果顯著,但該污水廠在消除激素類物質(zhì)和內(nèi)分泌干擾類物質(zhì)方面仍需要進(jìn)一步完善其功能。同時(shí),污水廠作為重要的點(diǎn)源排放類型對周邊環(huán)境及生態(tài)的影響也不可忽視。
[Abstract]:In this paper, three kinds of water samples were collected from different industries of Bengbu section of Huaihe River, such as water samples from river sampling points and water samples from wastewater treatment plants (influent, acidification tank effluent and final effluent). The water quality parameters such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen pH and so on were measured for 14 days after exposure to freshwater benthic bivalves (Corbicula clams) domesticated in the laboratory. The death rates of Corbicula clams during exposure were recorded and counted. After exposure, the visceral mass and the male gonadal tissue were taken respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (gr), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione -Stransferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (Ach E) and vitellogenin content (VTG) in male Corbicula flumericula were determined. The results of enzyme activity were evaluated with the second edition of the synthetic biomarker response (IBRv2). The results of the assessment of the three categories of water samples and their related conclusions are as follows: 1. A total of 15 water samples in three different industries (IBRv2) were evaluated as follows: pharmaceutical (9.32), rubber (8.94), food (8.22), and VtgACHE and MDA were generally higher in three kinds of water samples, indicating that they were exposed to estrogen and its analogues. Neurotoxic substances and heavy metals have great effects. The average value of VTG was 79.35 渭 g / ml 路ml ~ (-1). The average value was only 15.74 U / mg prott, which indicated that there were more hormones and less organic pollutants in the drainage, and the contents of ach EG and VTG in the water samples of pharmaceutical industry were higher. The concentrations of neurotoxic substances, organic pollutants and hormones in drainage were higher than those in rubber products, especially C3 and C4, which were 3.54 渭 mol/mg prot and 2.86 渭 mol/mg prot.3respectively. The average value of water pollution (IBRv2) of river sampling sites is 8.11, which is lower than that of industry drainage. Different from the pollution of wastewater from different industries, the contents of VTG and ache in water samples from river sampling sites were higher, which were 85.88 渭 g/ml and 0.027 U / mg prot / min, respectively, which were inhibited to 9.68 U / mg / min, indicating estrogen and its analogues. The effects of pesticide and chemical fertilizer residues and other organic pollutants on the water body are relatively large. It is assumed that the main source of pesticide and fertilizer residues is non-point source discharge of domestic sewage and pesticide fertilizer residues. The evaluation results (IBRv2) of three water samples (IBRv2) of influent, acidizing tank and final effluent of wastewater treatment plant are the final effluent of influent acidification pond, and the evaluation results are 15.8n13.3 and 9.7respectively. The effect of acidification tank on removing organic pollutants, neurotoxic substances and heavy metal substances in water is remarkable, but the function of the wastewater treatment plant in eliminating hormone and endocrine disrupting substances still needs to be further improved. At the same time, as an important type of point source discharge, wastewater treatment plant can not be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X824

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