發(fā)布時間：2018-07-13 11:10

【摘要】：我國西南地區(qū)是世界上喀斯特生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)育程度最高,同時也是世界上最大的連片裸露碳酸鹽分布區(qū)之一,碳酸鹽巖出露面積達(dá)90多萬平方公里,約占中國國土總面積的1/9。由于特殊的自然生態(tài)環(huán)境,加之人類不合理的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的影響,導(dǎo)致石漠化生態(tài)問題突出。石漠化作為我國主要的生態(tài)問題之一,嚴(yán)重影響了我國西南地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,我國石漠化主要發(fā)生在貴州、云南、廣西、廣東、湖南、湖北、重慶、四川八省(市),其中貴州省石漠化土地面積最大,為302.4×104hm2,占石漠化總面積的25.2%,石漠化程度深,石漠化地區(qū)人口密度大,貧困人口較為集中。石漠化問題影響了貴州省人民的生產(chǎn)生活,阻礙了社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。國家在十三五規(guī)劃中將“扶貧”問題列入重點項目,因此,對貴州省石漠化經(jīng)濟(jì)損失進(jìn)行合理評估,提出相應(yīng)的對策建議,進(jìn)行石漠化的防治優(yōu)化研究刻不容緩。本文通過對貴州省及其各州市石漠化現(xiàn)狀、1995-2011年間石漠化的演變狀況進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,判斷貴州省石漠化問題對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展造成的不良影響,將石漠化經(jīng)濟(jì)損失分為直接損失、間接損失,選取土壤肥力流失損失、土地廢棄損失、泥沙滯留損失、泥沙淤積損失等指標(biāo),構(gòu)建貴州省石漠化生態(tài)破壞經(jīng)濟(jì)損失核算的指標(biāo)體系。在此基礎(chǔ)上對貴州省1995-2011年間不同年份石漠化生態(tài)破壞經(jīng)濟(jì)損失進(jìn)行實物量及價值量核算。其結(jié)果表明1995-2011年貴州省石漠化經(jīng)濟(jì)損失總價值呈逐漸下降的變化趨勢,其變動趨勢與石漠化面積變動趨勢基本一致。1995年經(jīng)濟(jì)損失價值為518.37億元,2011年下降至371.13億元,價值存量減少147.24億元,年均減少9.20億元。石漠化經(jīng)濟(jì)損失價值占貴州省GDP比重呈下降趨勢,由77.59%下降至6.51%。1995年貴州省石漠化生態(tài)破壞經(jīng)濟(jì)損失價值與第一產(chǎn)業(yè)之比為217.34%,2011年下降至51.10%,1995年前貴州省農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的負(fù)面效益大,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)處于不可持續(xù)。貴州省人均石漠化生態(tài)損失負(fù)荷值呈增長趨勢,2000年以前農(nóng)民人均純收入小于人均負(fù)荷值,農(nóng)業(yè)人口生態(tài)載荷重,進(jìn)一步加劇了貧困。目前,貴州省石漠化治理的投入遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于石漠化生態(tài)破壞的損失價值,石漠化治理任重道遠(yuǎn),應(yīng)加大投入,減少經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。本文通過對石漠化經(jīng)濟(jì)損失核算的研究,提出相應(yīng)的建議,為提高貴州省喀斯特石漠化綜合治理水平,進(jìn)而進(jìn)一步降低石漠化經(jīng)濟(jì)損失價值提供理論指導(dǎo)和借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Southwest China is the world's highest level of karst ecological environment development, but also one of the world's largest bare carbonate distribution area, carbonate rocks exposed area of more than 900,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 1 / 9 of the total land area of China. Because of the special natural ecological environment and the influence of human unreasonable social and economic activities, the ecological problem of rocky desertification is prominent. Rocky desertification, as one of the main ecological problems in China, has seriously affected the social and economic development of southwest China. Rocky desertification in China mainly occurs in Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Eight provinces (cities) in Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province has the largest land area of rocky desertification, accounting for 302.4 脳 10 ~ 4 hm ~ 2, accounting for 25.2% of the total area of rocky desertification, the degree of rocky desertification is deep, the density of population in rocky desertification area is large, and the poor population is relatively concentrated. Rocky desertification affects the production and life of Guizhou people and hinders the development of social economy. In the 13th Five-Year Plan, the problem of "poverty alleviation" is included as a key item. Therefore, it is urgent to make a reasonable assessment of the economic losses of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province, put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, and carry out the research on the optimization of the prevention and control of rocky desertification without delay. Based on the analysis of the evolution of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province and its cities during 1995-2011, this paper judges the adverse effects of rock desertification problems on social and economic development in Guizhou Province. The economic loss of rocky desertification is divided into direct loss, indirect loss, loss of soil fertility loss, loss of land abandonment, loss of sediment retention, loss of sediment deposition, etc. To construct the index system of economic loss accounting of rock desertification ecological destruction in Guizhou province. On this basis, the economic losses of rock desertification ecological destruction in different years from 1995 to 2011 in Guizhou Province were calculated in terms of physical quantity and value. The results show that the total value of the economic loss of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province decreased gradually from 1995 to 2011, and the change trend is basically consistent with the change trend of rocky desertification area. The economic loss value of Guizhou Province was 51.837 billion yuan in 1995 and 37.113 billion yuan in 2011. The value of the stock decreased by 14.724 billion yuan, an annual decrease of 920 million yuan. The value of economic loss of rocky desertification in Guizhou's GDP decreased from 77.59% to 6.51% in 1995. The ratio of economic loss value to primary industry of rock desertification ecological damage in Guizhou Province was 217.34 in 1995 and 51.10 in 2011. Before 1995, the negative benefit of Guizhou's agricultural production was large. Agricultural production is unsustainable. The per capita ecological loss load value of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province showed an increasing trend. Before 2000, the per capita net income of farmers was less than the per capita load value, and the ecological load of agricultural population was heavy, which further aggravated poverty. At present, the investment of rocky desertification control in Guizhou Province is far less than the lost value of ecological destruction of rocky desertification, so it is necessary to increase investment and reduce economic losses. Based on the study of the economic loss accounting of rocky desertification, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions, which can provide theoretical guidance and reference significance for improving the comprehensive control level of karst rocky desertification in Guizhou Province and further reducing the value of economic loss of rocky desertification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X826;F127

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本文編號：2119151