本文選題：淮河干流 + 酸可揮發(fā)性硫化物�。� 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：淮河是我國(guó)七大水系之一,流域的人口密度在全國(guó)居七大流域之首,其經(jīng)濟(jì)地位對(duì)全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)舉足輕重。近多年來(lái),隨著淮河流域的快速發(fā)展,大量增加的非農(nóng)業(yè)人口使得城鎮(zhèn)的生活污染大大加劇,淮河流域惡性污染事故頻繁出現(xiàn),一些地區(qū)更是因?yàn)樗|(zhì)惡劣,已造成了飲水困難,淮河流域的污染問(wèn)題越發(fā)嚴(yán)重。河流沉積物可以反映河流中污染物的特性及污染程度。本文為探討淮河沉積物中重金屬的生物毒性,在淮河干流典型河段采集了12個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)的表層沉積物,測(cè)定了沉積物中的酸可揮發(fā)性硫化物(AVS)、同步萃取金屬(∑SEM)、有機(jī)碳(TOC)、重金屬(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn)總量和BCR形態(tài)分析等參數(shù),并對(duì)TOC、AVS、∑SEM和沉積物粒度之間的相關(guān)性與各個(gè)采樣斷面重金屬的形態(tài)分布進(jìn)行了分析,并應(yīng)用平衡分配模型(Eq P Model)、地積累指數(shù)法和潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法評(píng)價(jià)了沉積物中重金屬的潛在生物毒性。本研究得到以下結(jié)論:⑴應(yīng)用Spearman相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,沉積物TOC與黏土和粉砂呈顯著正相關(guān),與砂呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),這與以往研究結(jié)果細(xì)顆粒物質(zhì)形成的沉積物有機(jī)碳較高一致。∑SEM與TOC、黏土和粉砂含量呈顯著正相關(guān),與砂含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),顯示∑SEM與金屬總量一樣,易富集于細(xì)顆粒和有機(jī)碳含量較高的沉積物中,顆粒物越小,比表面積越大,顆粒物表面就會(huì)產(chǎn)生越多的負(fù)電荷,因此會(huì)吸附更多的重金屬離子。⑵通過(guò)沉積物中重金屬的形態(tài)分析結(jié)果顯示,Cd的弱酸可提取態(tài)平均值達(dá)到27.5%,說(shuō)明淮河干流沉積物中重金屬Cd處于不穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài),活性較大,其生物利用性高,容易被生物吸收,從而對(duì)環(huán)境造成危害;As在蚌埠吳家渡的非殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)較高,Cu在蚌埠閘上和蚌埠吳家渡的可還原態(tài)達(dá)到41.96%和38.28%,Pb在蚌埠閘上和蚌埠吳家渡采樣點(diǎn)的可還原態(tài)比例分別達(dá)到41.96%和38.28%,因此淮河干流中重金屬As、Cu和Pb存在一定的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),需要引起重視。⑶應(yīng)用平衡分配模型(EqP Model)評(píng)價(jià)發(fā)現(xiàn),除臨淮關(guān)斷面的TOC小于0.2%,不能應(yīng)用平衡分配模型進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),鳳臺(tái)大橋斷面的AVS∑SEM,判斷沉積物應(yīng)無(wú)生物毒性外,阜南王家壩、魯臺(tái)子、小柳巷和盱眙水文站的ESBAVS,OC130μmol/g,無(wú)潛在生物毒性,而淮濱谷堆、老壩頭、淮南大澗溝、馬頭城、蚌埠閘上和蚌埠吳家渡的130μmol/gESBAVS,OC3000μmol/g,具有潛在生物毒性,淮南大澗溝的ESBAVS,OC值達(dá)到了1233.9μmol/g,有很強(qiáng)的潛在生物毒性。⑷地積累指數(shù)法和潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,在阜南王家壩、淮濱谷堆、老壩頭、魯臺(tái)子、鳳臺(tái)大橋、淮南大澗溝、馬頭城、蚌埠閘上、蚌埠吳家渡和盱眙水文站采樣點(diǎn)沉積物中的重金屬均對(duì)環(huán)境造成了一定的污染,其中重金屬Cd均屬于幾種重金屬中生態(tài)危害最高的元素,對(duì)環(huán)境造成的危害較大,其余金屬為輕微生態(tài)危害,由于Cd的貢獻(xiàn)量很大,使得各金屬的總危害程度達(dá)到了中等到強(qiáng)度的生態(tài)危害。綜合上述評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,淮河干流已有不同程度的重金屬污染,應(yīng)引起有關(guān)部門(mén)的重視。
[Abstract]:Huaihe is one of the seven major water systems in China. The population density of the river basin is the first in the seven major basins in China. Its economic status is very important to the national economy. In recent years, with the rapid development of the Huaihe River Basin, a large number of non agricultural populations have made the urban life pollution greatly aggravated, and the malignant pollution accidents in the Huaihe basin frequently occur, some of which have occurred. Because of the poor water quality and the difficulty of drinking water, the pollution problem of the Huaihe river basin is more serious. The river sediment can reflect the characteristics and pollution degree of the pollutants in the river. This paper is to explore the biological toxicity of heavy metals in the sediments of Huaihe, and collect the surface sediments of the 12 sampling points in the typical river section of the Huaihe main stream. The acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the sediments, the simultaneous extraction of metal (TOC), organic carbon (TOC), heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) and BCR morphological analysis, and the correlation between TOC, AVS, sigma and sediment grain size and the distribution of heavy metals in various sample sections were analyzed and a balanced distribution model was applied. P Model), the potential biotoxicity of heavy metals in sediment was evaluated by the land accumulation index method and the potential ecological hazard index method. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) the results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the sediment TOC was positively correlated with clay and silt, and negatively correlated with the sand, which was in fine particle shape with previous research results. The organic carbon in the sediments is higher. SEM and TOC have a significant positive correlation with the content of clay and silt, which shows a significant negative correlation with the content of sand. It shows that the sigma SEM, which is the same as the total metal, is easily rich in fine particles and higher organic carbon content, the smaller the particles, the larger the surface product and the more negative charge on the surface of the particles. Therefore, more heavy metal ions will be adsorbed. (2) through the analysis of heavy metals in sediments, the results show that the average value of Cd's weak acid can reach 27.5%, indicating that the heavy metal Cd in the sediment of Huaihe main stream is in a unstable state, its activity is large, its bioavailability is high, and it is easy to be absorbed by the organism, so that the environment is harmful to the environment; As in the sediment is harmful to the environment. The non residue state of Bengbu Wu Jia Du is high, the reducible state of Cu in Bengbu gate and Wu Jia Du of Bengbu reaches 41.96% and 38.28%, and the reducible ratio of Pb in Bengbu gate and Bengbu Wu Jia Du sampling point is 41.96% and 38.28% respectively. Therefore, heavy metals As, Cu and Pb in the main stream of Huaihe are stored in certain ecological risks, and should be paid attention to. 3. The equilibrium distribution model (EqP Model) evaluation found that the TOC of the Fengtai bridge section can not be evaluated by the equilibrium distribution model, except that the AVS Sigma SEM of the section of the Fengtai bridge can be evaluated without biological toxicity, and the ESBAVS of Wangjia dam, Lu Tai Zi, Xiao Liu Xiang and Xuyi water station in Funan, OC130 u mol/g, and no potential biotoxicity, and Huaibin valley. Heap, old dam head, Huainan Dabu gully, Ma head city, Bengbu gate and Wu Jia Du of Bengbu, 130 mu mol/gESBAVS, OC3000 mu mol/g, have potential biological toxicity, ESBAVS in Huainan Dabu gully, OC value reached 1233.9 mu, and have strong potential biotoxicity. 4. Index method of accumulation index and potential ecological hazard index method evaluation results show that in Funan Wang's house The heavy metals in the sediments of the sampling points in the sampling points of the sampling points in the sampling points of the hydrological stations of the Bengbu Wu Jia Du and Xuyi hydrology stations in the Huaibin Valley pile, the old dam head, the old dam, the Fengtai bridge, the Dajian gully of Huainan, the Bengbu gate, the Bengbu gate, the Bengbu gate and the Xuyi hydrological station have caused some pollution to the environment, among which the heavy metals are all the most harmful elements in the heavy metals, which have great harm to the environment. The residual metal is a minor ecological hazard. Because of the great contribution of Cd, the total harm of all metals has reached the ecological harm of medium to medium strength. The result of the above evaluation results that the Huaihe main stream has different levels of heavy metal pollution, which should arouse the attention of the relevant departments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X522

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