本文選題：曝氣生物濾池 + 地質(zhì)體填料　； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國的水污染非常嚴(yán)重,特別是江河流域普遍受到污染,且呈發(fā)展的趨勢,農(nóng)村生活污水的不達(dá)標(biāo)排放是其主要的影響因素之一。針對農(nóng)村生活污水的處理技術(shù)很多,考慮到農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)條件及生活污水特點(diǎn),需使用小型化、建設(shè)成本小、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低、管理維護(hù)方便、處理效果及生態(tài)景觀效果好的處理系統(tǒng)。本文提出采用以曝氣生物濾池法為核心的污水處理系統(tǒng)對農(nóng)村生活片區(qū)生活污水進(jìn)行處理。曝氣生物濾池采用地質(zhì)體作為填料,使用不同粒徑的天然礫石、灰?guī)r、河砂組合搭配,來研究地質(zhì)體作為曝氣生物濾池填料的可行性。通過室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)對濾池結(jié)構(gòu)與尺寸、曝氣方式、填料選取及布置、布水方式及進(jìn)出水控制進(jìn)行分析及研究,建立了曝氣生物濾池,并測定出濾池的水力學(xué)參數(shù)。對曝氣生物濾池進(jìn)行掛膜研究,掛膜成功后采用單因素分析法研究濾池厚度、曝氣時(shí)間、停留時(shí)間對系統(tǒng)處理污水的影響,通過正交實(shí)驗(yàn)分析在三種影響因素下的最優(yōu)條件,建立各指標(biāo)的回歸方程,最后通過對曝氣生物濾不同季節(jié)運(yùn)行情況的持續(xù)監(jiān)測,得出不同水溫條件下各指標(biāo)的去除率及曝氣生物濾池最佳運(yùn)行溫度。通過上述方法,試驗(yàn)得到的結(jié)果與結(jié)論如下:(1)本次試驗(yàn)采用鼓風(fēng)機(jī)對濾池進(jìn)行曝氣,試驗(yàn)曝氣管管徑為DN25時(shí),兩管之間距離為200mm,曝氣孔孔徑為10mm,曝氣孔間距為100mm,在小孔上加設(shè)有防堵蓋層;填料采用礫石-灰?guī)r-河砂-灰?guī)r-河砂-灰?guī)r的組合方式填充,填料中埋設(shè)有布水管道及反沖洗管道,可根據(jù)需要對其進(jìn)行分層布水;試驗(yàn)測得填料基質(zhì)的滲透系數(shù)在130.60～214.23m/d之間,濾池孔隙度為19.98%。(2)試驗(yàn)采用自然掛膜條件法,歷經(jīng)30天掛膜初步成功。從掛膜開始到掛膜初步成功COD的去除率從最初的13.26%到最后的穩(wěn)定在65%附近,其中最高去除率達(dá)到66.73%;TN的去除率從最初的8.78%升至38.29%;NH_4~+-N的去除率從最初的28.19%升至73.81%;TP的出去率受生物膜的影響最小,從試驗(yàn)啟動(dòng)第一天開始,TP的去除率就達(dá)到57.78%,到掛膜成功去除率穩(wěn)定在72.96%左右其中,最大去除率達(dá)到84.67%;濁度從掛膜開始略有增加,從第6天開始,濾池對污水中的懸浮物去除開始起作用,濾池出水口濁度開始下降,至掛膜成功,濁度平均減小率在49.47%,其中最高減小率為76.35%。(3)在不同濾層厚度條件下,曝氣生物濾池對COD、TN、NH_4~+-N去除率影響不存在顯著差異性,且隨著濾池厚度的增加,濾池對COD、NH_4~+-N的去除率增加,對TN去除率的影響較小;濾池對TP的去除率影響存在顯著差異性,不同厚度下的濾池對TP的去除率影響很大,濾池厚度越大,對TP的去除效果越好。(4)在不同曝氣時(shí)間下,曝氣生物濾池對COD、TN、NH_4~+-N去除率影響存在顯著差異性,COD、NH_4~+-N隨著曝氣時(shí)間的增加去除率增加,TN隨著曝氣時(shí)間的增加去除率較小;曝氣時(shí)間對TP的去除率影響不存在顯著性差異,不同曝氣時(shí)間對TP的去除率整體影響不大。(5)在不同停留時(shí)間下,曝氣生物濾池對COD、TN、NH_4~+-N、TP去除率影響都存在顯著差異性,COD、TN、NH_4~+-N、TP的去除率都隨著停留時(shí)間的增加而增加。(6)通過正交試驗(yàn)得出在溫度21.8～25.5℃、pH 7.0～8.5、流量3～5m3/d的條件下,當(dāng)濾池厚度為1.55m、曝氣時(shí)間為30min/3h、以及停留時(shí)間為1.08～1.79d時(shí)曝氣生物濾對生活污水的處理效果最佳。(7)在最佳運(yùn)行條件下,建立了各指標(biāo)的線性回歸和對數(shù)回歸方程,COD在進(jìn)水濃度47.19～83.93 mg/L下回歸方程為C_(No)=0.3395C_(Ni)-1.7197和C_(NO)=21.311n(C_(Ni))-68.627;TN 在進(jìn)水濃度 18.41～31.10 mg/L 下回歸方程為C_(No)=0.4131C_(Ni)+1.7969 和 C_(No)=9.98851n(C_(Ni))-19.932;NH_4~+-N 在進(jìn)水濃度7.99～14.29 mg/L下回歸方程為 C_(No)=0.2269C_(Ni)+0.1932和 C_(No)=2.44091n(C_(Ni))-3.1251;TP在進(jìn)水濃度0.89～2.35 mg/L下回歸方程為C_(No)=0.2201C_(Ni)+0.0428和C_(No)=0.334711n(C_(Ni))+0.2522。(8)曝氣生物濾池對各指標(biāo)的去除效果受水溫的影響顯著,水溫在20～25℃時(shí)COD去除率達(dá)到68.73%,TN去除率達(dá)到51.54%,NH_4~+-N去除率達(dá)到75.42%,TP去除率達(dá)到75.24%,當(dāng)水溫降到10℃及以下時(shí),曝氣生物濾池對各指標(biāo)的去除率已經(jīng)很低,對COD去除率僅為32.70%,對TN去除率僅為13.38%,對NH_4~+-N去除率下僅為25.24%,TP去除率僅為52.6%。通過試驗(yàn)得出曝氣生物濾池最佳運(yùn)行溫度為15～25℃。(9)地質(zhì)體填料具有價(jià)格低、易獲取等特點(diǎn),通過試驗(yàn)論證,使用地質(zhì)體作為曝氣生物濾池的填料基質(zhì)具有可行性,且其對TP的去除具有顯著的優(yōu)勢性。
[Abstract]:The water pollution in China is very serious, especially the river basin is generally polluted, and it is developing trend. The discharge of rural domestic sewage is one of its main influencing factors. There are many treatment techniques for rural domestic sewage. Considering the rural economic conditions and the characteristics of domestic sewage, it is necessary to use miniaturization, small construction cost and operation. A treatment system with low cost, convenient management and maintenance, good treatment effect and good ecological landscape effect. This paper proposes a sewage treatment system with biological aerated filter as the core to treat domestic sewage in rural areas. The biological aerated filter is used as a filler to combine natural gravel, limestone and river sand with different particle sizes. The feasibility of the geological body as a biological aerated filter filler is studied. Through the laboratory experiment, the structure and size of the filter, the aeration mode, the selection and arrangement of the filler, the water distribution mode and the control of the import and export of water are analyzed and studied. The biological aeration filter is established and the hydraulic parameters of the filter pool are determined. After the film, the single factor analysis was used to study the influence of filter thickness, aeration time and residence time on the sewage treatment. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimal conditions under the three factors were analyzed, and the regression equation of each index was established. Finally, the different water was obtained by continuous monitoring of the different seasons of the aeration biological filtration. The results and conclusions are as follows: (1) when the air blower is aerated, the distance between the two tubes is DN25, the distance between the two tubes is 10mm, the aperture of the aeration is 10mm, the spacing of the aeration is 100mm, and it is on the small hole. The filler is filled with gravel - limestone - graystone, river sand, limestone, river sand - limestone. The filling water pipeline and backwashing pipeline are embedded in the packing. The water distribution of the filler can be stratified according to the needs. The permeability coefficient of the filler matrix is between 130.60 and 214.23m/d, and the porosity of the filter is 19.98%. (2). The membrane condition method was successful for 30 days. From the beginning of the film to the hanging membrane, the removal rate of COD was stable from the initial 13.26% to the last 65%, with the highest removal rate of 66.73%; the removal rate of TN rose from the original 8.78% to 38.29%; the removal rate of NH_4~+-N rose from the original 28.19% to 73.81%; the rate of TP went out by biology. The film has the smallest effect. From the first day of the test, the removal rate of TP reaches 57.78%, and the successful removal rate of the membrane is about 72.96%, the maximum removal rate is 84.67%, the turbidity increases slightly from the hanging film. From the sixth day, the filter has the effect on the removal of suspended matter in the sewage, and the turbidity of the filter outlet begins to decrease. The average reduction rate of turbidity is 49.47%, and the maximum reduction rate is 76.35%. (3). The effect of BAF on COD, TN, NH_4~+-N removal rate is not significantly different. With the increase of the filter thickness, the removal rate of COD and NH_4~+-N is increased, and the influence of TN removal rate is less. Filter to T The effect of the removal rate of P has significant difference. The filter with different thickness has great influence on the removal rate of TP. The better the filter thickness is, the better the removal effect of TP. (4) there is a significant difference in the effect of the biological aeration filter on the removal rate of COD, TN and NH_4~+-N at different aeration time. COD, NH_4~+-N increases with the increasing of aeration time, TN With the increase of aeration time, the removal rate is smaller, the effect of aeration time has no significant difference on the removal rate of TP, and the effect of different aeration time on the removal rate of TP is not significant. (5) there are significant differences in the effect of the biological aeration filter on the removal rate of COD, TN, NH_4~+-N and TP at different residence time, and the removal rates of COD, TN, NH_4~+-N and TP are all With the increase of the residence time. (6) through orthogonal test, it is obtained that under the conditions of temperature 21.8 ~ 25.5, pH 7 ~ 8.5 and flow 3 ~ 5m3/d, the best treatment effect of biological aeration filter to living water is achieved when the thickness of the filter is 1.55m, the aeration time is 30min/3h, and the residence time is 1.08 to 1.79d. (7) under the optimum operating conditions, the establishment of the system is established. Linear regression and logarithmic regression equation of each index. The regression equation of COD is C_ (No) =0.3395C_ (Ni) -1.7197 and C_ (NO) =21.311n (C_ (Ni)) under the influent concentration from 47.19 to 83.93 mg/L. The regression equation under the concentration of 7.99 ~ 14.29 mg/L was C_ (No) =0.2269C_ (Ni) +0.1932 and C_ (No) =2.44091n (C_ (Ni)) -3.1251, and the effect of the biological aeration filter (8) on the removal of each index was significantly affected by the water temperature, and the water temperature was 20 At 25 C, the removal rate of COD reached 68.73%, the removal rate of TN reached 51.54%, the removal rate of NH_4~+-N reached 75.42%, and the removal rate of TP reached 75.24%. When the water temperature dropped to 10 and below, the removal rate of the biological aerated filter was very low, the removal rate of COD was only 32.70%, the TN removal rate was only 13.38%, and the NH_4~+-N removal rate was only 25.24%, TP went to TP. The best operation temperature of the biological aeration filter is 15~25 C through the test. (9) the geological body filler has the characteristics of low price and easy access. Through the experiment, it is proved that it is feasible to use geological body as the filler matrix of the biological aerated filter, and the removal of TP has remarkable advantages.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X799.3

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