本文選題：汞礦區(qū) + 苔蘚　； 參考：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：汞是全球性的重金屬污染物,在大氣中大部分以穩(wěn)定態(tài)Hg0長期存在。苔蘚由于其特殊的生理結(jié)構(gòu)和代謝特征被公認為指示大氣污染物的優(yōu)良物種。本實驗選擇貴州省萬山區(qū)我國西南地區(qū)一廢棄汞礦區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,采集樣品281份苔蘚樣品,分屬5科7種,進行總汞和甲基汞含量的分析,結(jié)果顯示,總汞含量范圍0.21-126μg g-1,平均值4.9±11μg g-1,甲基汞含量范圍0.64-262 ng g-1,平均值33±36 ng g-1。總汞和甲基汞含量最高的苔蘚均采自于涉汞化工廠附近,暗示了在汞礦冶煉活動停止后,化工廠的生產(chǎn)活動是該區(qū)域最重要的污染源。不同苔蘚種類之間對總汞的吸附能力沒有明顯的差異,證實綜合使用多種苔蘚作為大氣汞的指示植物是可行的。在工業(yè)園及萬山鎮(zhèn)等地,選擇7種優(yōu)勢種類苔蘚84個樣品,同時現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測部分苔蘚采樣點近地表大氣汞,定量分析苔蘚汞和大氣汞濃度之間的關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示,研究區(qū)苔蘚汞濃度范圍為0.96—126μgg-1,平均值80±46μgg-1,受觸媒生產(chǎn)、廢觸媒回收等涉汞化工廠生產(chǎn)活動影響顯著;苔蘚汞與大氣汞呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,表現(xiàn)為線性擬合相關(guān)性系數(shù)r=0.93(n=12,P=0.01030),多項式擬合相關(guān)性系數(shù)r=0.96(n=12,P=0.01169),對數(shù)擬合相關(guān)性系數(shù)r=0.96(n=12,P=0.00469);選擇對數(shù)擬合方程估算苔蘚采樣點大氣汞濃度,發(fā)現(xiàn)擬合得到的大氣汞空間分布特征和實測苔蘚汞空間分布特征基本一致,從而通過定量/半定量方法證明了可以利用苔蘚汞指示大氣汞污染,研究成果為汞污染場地修復(fù)過程中的大氣汞污染評價提供了新思路。采用主動監(jiān)測的方法,以大灰蘚為監(jiān)測材料,在張妹家、工業(yè)園、四坑、五坑、梅子溪、敖寨鄉(xiāng)、深沖口村7個監(jiān)測點放置苔蘚,于2016年5月至11月期間,回收樣品6次,并進行總汞和甲基汞的測定。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),監(jiān)測點的苔蘚中總汞和甲基汞含量基本呈現(xiàn)逐月升高的趨勢,都不同程度的受到汞的污染,苔蘚總汞主要來自大氣,說明除了工業(yè)園是最主要的汞污染源以外,汞礦渣堆、交通和居民人為活動以及大氣汞的遷移都有可能對局部大氣造成汞污染。苔蘚對大氣中總汞的吸附未達到吸附飽和之前,含量隨著曝露時間的增加而增加,大氣中汞含量越高,苔蘚的吸附速率越快,環(huán)境介質(zhì)不同,吸附速率也不同,苔蘚甲基汞的來源與大氣有關(guān)。通過XNAES對苔蘚樣品分析發(fā)現(xiàn),苔蘚中汞的形態(tài)主要以辰砂(α-HgS)、黑辰砂(β-HgS)、半胱氨酸汞(Hg-Cys)形態(tài)存在。
[Abstract]:Mercury is a global heavy metal pollutant, most of which exist in the atmosphere as stable Hg _ 0 for a long time. Moss is recognized as an excellent species indicating atmospheric pollutants due to its special physiological structure and metabolic characteristics. In this study, 281 samples of lichen, belonging to 7 species belonging to 5 families, were collected from an abandoned mercury mine in southwest China in Wanshan District, Guizhou Province. The contents of total mercury and methylmercury were analyzed. The total mercury content ranged from 0.21-126 渭 g -1 with an average of 4.9 鹵11 渭 g -1, and methylmercury from 0.64-262 ng g -1 with an average value of 33 鹵36 ng g g -1. The moss with the highest content of total mercury and methylmercury is collected from the vicinity of the mercury-related chemical plant, implying that the production of the chemical plant is the most important source of pollution in the region after the mercury ore smelting activity is stopped. There is no significant difference in the adsorption capacity of total mercury among different species of moss, which proves that it is feasible to use multiple moss as indicator of atmospheric mercury. In the industrial park and Wanshan Town, 84 samples of lichen of 7 dominant species were selected. At the same time, the near surface atmospheric mercury of some moss sampling sites was monitored, and the relationship between moss mercury and atmospheric mercury concentration was quantitatively analyzed. The concentration of mercury in moss ranged from 0.96 to 126 渭 gg-1 with an average value of 80 鹵46 渭 gg-1, which was significantly affected by the production activities of mercury-related chemical plants such as catalyst production and waste catalyst recovery, and there was a positive correlation between moss mercury and atmospheric mercury. The linear fitting correlation coefficient r = 0.93 (n = 12), polynomial fitting correlation coefficient r ~ (0.96), logarithmic fitting correlation coefficient r = 0.96 (n ~ (12) P ~ (1) = 0.00469), the logarithmic fitting equation was used to estimate the atmospheric mercury concentration in moss sampling sites, and a logarithmic fitting equation was used to estimate the atmospheric mercury concentration in moss sampling sites. It was found that the fitted spatial distribution of mercury in the atmosphere was basically consistent with the measured spatial distribution of mercury in moss, and it was proved by quantitative / semi-quantitative methods that mercury in the atmosphere could be used to indicate mercury pollution in the atmosphere. The results provide a new idea for the assessment of atmospheric mercury pollution during the remediation of mercury contaminated sites. Using the active monitoring method, the moss was placed in 7 monitoring sites in Zhangmei's house, industrial park, Sikeng, Wukeng, plum stream, Aozhai village and Shenchongkou village. Samples were recovered 6 times between May and November 2016. The total mercury and methylmercury were determined. The results showed that the content of total mercury and methylmercury in moss at the monitoring sites showed a trend of increasing month by month, and they were polluted by mercury to varying degrees, and the total mercury of moss mainly came from the atmosphere, indicating that, in addition to industrial parks, it was the most important source of mercury pollution. Mercury slag stacks, traffic, human activities and atmospheric mercury transport are likely to cause mercury pollution in the local atmosphere. Before the adsorption of total mercury in the atmosphere reached saturation, the content of total mercury increased with the increase of exposure time. The higher the mercury content in the atmosphere, the faster the adsorption rate of moss, the different environmental media, and the different adsorption rate. The origin of methylmercury in moss is related to the atmosphere. By XNAES analysis of moss samples, it was found that the main forms of mercury in bryophytes were 偽 -HgS, 尾 -HgS and Hg-Cys.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X173

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