發(fā)布時間：2018-06-24 19:11

  本文選題：抗生素 + 硝化��； 參考：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：抗生素在我國乃至世界范圍內(nèi)被大量使用,由此對自然環(huán)境造成了一定的污染。這些被人類或牲畜排泄出的抗生素會通過城市污水系統(tǒng)及雨水徑流等方式進(jìn)入到一些污水處理廠中。本文主要研究了幾種典型抗生素對傳統(tǒng)的硝化反硝化廢水處理過程以及新型的單級亞硝化-厭氧氨氧化廢水處理過程的影響,以及這幾種典型抗生素在這兩種廢水處理過程中的最終去向。具體的結(jié)論如下:(1)研究了硝化-反硝化反應(yīng)器及單級亞硝化-厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)器的啟動。三個活性污泥反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行20天后,反應(yīng)器的COD與氨氮去除率都能穩(wěn)定在95%左右,反應(yīng)器出水中無亞硝酸鹽氮,只有少量的硝酸鹽氮,說明了硝化-反硝化反應(yīng)器完成啟動。同時研究了序批式反應(yīng)器中亞硝化-厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)的啟動。當(dāng)?shù)?fù)荷低于168 g-N m-3 d-1時,亞硝化反應(yīng)與厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)在序批式反應(yīng)器中能夠成功耦合,反應(yīng)器的氨氮去除率和總氮去除率分別能達(dá)到98%和80%。然而當(dāng)?shù)?fù)荷達(dá)到168 g-N m-3 d-1時,單級亞硝化-厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)會被破壞,氨氮去除率和總氮去除率分別下降了8%和20%。(2)研究了阿散酸(ASA)和鹽酸氨丙啉(AMP)對硝化-反硝化過程的影響。100 mg L-1的ASA和AMP會使反應(yīng)器內(nèi)的COD去除率降低并且抑制硝化作用,其中COD去除率和氨氮去除率分別降低了25%和35%左右。磷酸鹽的去除過程并不受ASA和AMP濃度變化的影響,磷酸鹽去除率始終保持在60%左右。此外,ASA和AMP對COD去除過程的抑制是可逆的,而對硝化作用的抑制是不可逆的。AMP幾乎不能被序批式反應(yīng)器降解,只有少量的ASA能夠被降解成無機(jī)砷。16S rDNA測序分析的結(jié)果表明了100 mg L-1的ASA會對活性污泥的微生物群落和多樣性產(chǎn)生顯著地影響。(3)研究了磺胺喹惡啉鈉(SQ-Na)、土霉素(OTC)和阿散酸(ASA)共同對單級亞硝化-厭氧氨氧化過程的影響。當(dāng)反應(yīng)器中SQ-Na、OTC和ASA的濃度都達(dá)到5 mg L-1時,單級亞硝化-厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)過程中的亞硝化反應(yīng)和厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)均受到了抑制,氨氮去除率和總氮去除率分別下降了8%和20%左右。并且其對亞硝化反應(yīng)的抑制是不可逆的。在氨氧化菌和厭氧氨氧化菌的活性受到抑制時,亞硝酸鹽氧化菌的活性則開始逐漸恢復(fù),導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)器中出水硝酸鹽氮的含量上升了6 mg L-1左右。單級亞硝化-厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)器對SQ-Na、OTC和ASA幾乎沒有降解作用。
[Abstract]:Antibiotics are widely used in China and the world, which pollutes the natural environment. These antibiotics, which are excreted by humans or livestock, enter some sewage treatment plants through urban sewerage systems and Rain Water runoff. In this paper, the effects of several typical antibiotics on the treatment of traditional nitrification-denitrification wastewater and a new type of single-stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation wastewater were studied. And the final destination of these antibiotics in the treatment of these two kinds of wastewater. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the start-up of nitrification-denitrification reactor and single-stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor were studied. After 20 days of operation, the COD and ammonia nitrogen removal rates of the three activated sludge reactors were all stable at about 95%. There was no nitrite nitrogen in the effluent of the reactor and only a small amount of nitrate nitrogen, which indicated that the nitrification-denitrification reactor was completed. At the same time, the start-up of nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction in sequencing batch reactor was studied. When the nitrogen loading is below 168g-N m-3d-1, the reaction of nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation can be coupled successfully in the sequencing batch reactor. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen can reach 98% and 80% respectively. However, when the nitrogen load reaches 168g-N m-3d-1, the single-stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction will be destroyed. The ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiency and total nitrogen removal efficiency decreased by 8% and 20% respectively. (2) the effects of arabinic acid (ASA) and aminoproline hydrochloride (AMP) on the nitrification-denitrification process were studied. ASA and AMP of 100 mg L-1 decreased the COD removal rate and inhibited nitrification in the reactor. The removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen decreased by 25% and 35% respectively. The phosphate removal process was not affected by the concentration of ASA and AMP, and the removal rate of phosphate was about 60%. In addition, the inhibition of COD removal by ASA and AMP is reversible, while the inhibition of nitrification is irreversible. AMP can hardly be degraded by sequencing batch reactor. Only a small amount of ASA could be degraded into inorganic arsenic. 16s rDNA sequencing results showed that 100 mg L-1 ASA significantly affected the microbial community and diversity of activated sludge. (3) sulfamethoxaline sodium (SQ-Na), oxytetracycline (OTC) were studied. The effect of arsanilic acid (ASA) on the single stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process. When the concentrations of SQ-NaOTC and ASA in the reactor reached 5 mg L-1, both the nitrosation and anammoxidation were inhibited during the single-stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction. Ammonia removal rate and total nitrogen removal rate decreased by 8% and 20% respectively. The inhibition of nitrosation is irreversible. When the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was inhibited, the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria began to recover gradually, which led to the increase of nitrate and nitrogen content in the effluent of the reactor by about 6 mg L-1. The single stage nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor has little degradation effect on SQ-NaOTC and ASA.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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