航空器排放對機場大氣環(huán)境影響的研究
本文選題:機場 + 航空器發(fā)動機排放 ; 參考:《中國民航大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:航空器發(fā)動機排放是民用機場大氣污染物的主要來源之一,航空器排放對機場及其周圍大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量有重要影響。我國在航空器排放大氣影響方面的研究剛剛起步,開展有關(guān)工作對改善機場大氣質(zhì)量,完善機場環(huán)境影響評價內(nèi)容、方法和促進(jìn)機場綠色發(fā)展均有重要意義。論文系統(tǒng)分析了航空器排放污染物的類型及生成機理。根據(jù)航空器發(fā)動機排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對減少排放的各種原理性措施進(jìn)行了分析和歸納。在對發(fā)動機排放特性和排放結(jié)果影響因素分析的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了航空器排放量的修正計算模型。借助該模型和專用計算工具,可對機場所有航空器任意時段內(nèi)的排放總量進(jìn)行估算。通過對大氣環(huán)境運動特點及稀釋原理的分析,確定了航空器排放污染物在機場大氣作用下的擴散影響因素,建立了污染物的機場大氣擴散點、線源擴散模型及年均擴散預(yù)測模型,應(yīng)用上述模型可計算出污染物在預(yù)測時段內(nèi)的擴散空間范圍和濃度三維分布。通過調(diào)整航空器類型、滑行時間、運行時段等影響因子,應(yīng)用實際計算結(jié)果的對比分析確定了可控因子。針對目前我國在機場大氣環(huán)境評價基本處于空白狀態(tài)的問題,論文建立了機場大氣評價基本流程、確定了航空器排放量及濃度評價因子及評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn),提出了機場規(guī)劃及機場運行中消減航空器污染物影響的多種措施。
[Abstract]:Aircraft engine emissions are one of the main sources of air pollutants in civil airports. Aircraft emissions have an important impact on the quality of the air environment in and around the airport. The research on the atmospheric impact of aircraft emissions in China has just started. It is of great significance to improve the air quality of the airport, to improve the content of the airport environmental impact assessment, to improve the method and to promote the green development of the airport. In this paper, the types of pollutants emitted from aircraft and the formation mechanism are systematically analyzed. According to the emission standard of aircraft engine, this paper analyzes and summarizes various kinds of principle measures to reduce emission. Based on the analysis of the engine emission characteristics and the factors affecting the emission results, a modified calculation model of aircraft emissions is established. With the help of the model and special calculation tools, the total emission of all aircraft in the airport can be estimated at any time. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of atmospheric environmental movement and dilution principle, the factors affecting the diffusion of pollutants emitted from aircraft under the influence of the airport atmosphere are determined, and the airport atmospheric diffusion point of the pollutants is established. The linear source diffusion model and the annual diffusion prediction model can be used to calculate the spatial range and concentration distribution of pollutants in the predicted period. By adjusting the influence factors of aircraft type, gliding time and running period, the controllable factors are determined by comparing and analyzing the actual calculation results. In order to solve the problem that the air environment assessment of the airport is basically blank in our country at present, the paper establishes the basic process of the airport atmosphere evaluation, and determines the evaluation factors and evaluation criteria of the aircraft emissions and concentration. Several measures are put forward to reduce the impact of aircraft pollutants in airport planning and airport operation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國民航大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:V351;X738
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