本文選題：水浴法 + 氣液兩相流�。� 參考：《哈爾濱理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：焊接煙氣是造成焊接從業(yè)者健康損傷和周圍環(huán)境污染的最主要原因,越來越得到人們的重視。在焊接煙氣凈化除塵領(lǐng)域,水浴法凈化是全新的技術(shù),具有效率高、無耗材、低能耗等優(yōu)點。在水浴凈化過程中,焊接煙氣和水形成氣液兩相流。本文對焊接煙氣在水中形成的氣液兩相流進行瞬時體分分析,并以此指導(dǎo)設(shè)計了合理的煙氣氣泡破碎器,將含有煙塵顆粒的大氣團逐層破碎,消耗了煙氣動能,增加了煙塵顆粒與水接觸面積和時間,加以噴淋裝置,最大限度提高煙塵粒子被水捕獲的效率。首先,對比了現(xiàn)有煙氣凈化方法應(yīng)用于焊接煙氣除塵的局限性,論證水浴法除塵的可行性,分析了水浴系統(tǒng)的工作原理和組成。其次,由單相流理論入手,將單相流流動情形下的控制方程推廣到氣液兩相流的流動情形,確立了水浴凈化過程流動特性,對有限元分析焊接煙氣水浴凈化提供基礎(chǔ)。在ICEM中進行二維網(wǎng)格劃分并導(dǎo)入FLUENT軟件,采用VOF模型進行瞬時體分分析。仿真結(jié)果表明,采用雙層氣泡破碎和噴淋除塵過程的水浴凈化設(shè)計可以顯著提高氣液分界面面積和接觸時間;煙氣入射速度越小,液池液面越高,氣液分界面和接觸時間越大。再次,研究了焊接煙氣產(chǎn)生機理,分析了符合焊接煙氣擴散的湍流模型,利用DPM模型對焊接煙氣擴散進行仿真。根據(jù)水浴凈化和煙氣擴散仿真結(jié)論,設(shè)計了新型的水浴凈化系統(tǒng),并利用此實驗裝置進行了焊接比對試驗,為氣體保護焊和手工電弧焊焊接水浴凈化系統(tǒng)提供了理論支持和實驗驗證。最后,采用煙氣測量儀進行焊接煙氣水浴凈化效率研究。對比焊接煙氣水浴凈化過程中氣泡破碎器和噴淋除塵裝置的有無對焊接煙塵除塵效率的影響;采用單因素分析法,對不同煙氣入射速度和液池液面高度的煙氣除塵效率進行實驗研究。結(jié)果表明,含有氣泡破碎器和噴淋除塵裝置的水浴凈化系統(tǒng)除塵效率高且煙氣入射速度越低、液池液面越高除塵效率也越高。
[Abstract]:Welding smoke is the main cause of health damage and environmental pollution of welding workers, and has been paid more and more attention. In the field of welding flue gas purification and dust removal, water bath purification is a new technology with the advantages of high efficiency, no consumables and low energy consumption. In the process of water bath purification, gas-liquid two-phase flow is formed by welding flue gas and water. In this paper, the instantaneous volumetric analysis of gas-liquid two-phase flow formed by welding flue gas in water is carried out, and a reasonable flue gas bubble crusher is designed to break the atmospheric mass containing smoke particles layer by layer, thus consuming the kinetic energy of the flue gas. The contact area and time between soot particles and water were increased, and the spraying device was used to improve the efficiency of soot particles being captured by water to the maximum extent. Firstly, the limitations of the existing flue gas purification methods used in welding flue gas dust removal are compared, the feasibility of water bath dust removal is demonstrated, and the working principle and composition of the water bath system are analyzed. Secondly, starting with the single-phase flow theory, the governing equation in single-phase flow is extended to the gas-liquid two-phase flow, and the flow characteristics of water bath purification process are established, which provides the basis for finite element analysis of welding flue gas water bath purification. In ICEM, two-dimensional mesh division is carried out and fluent software is imported, and VOF model is used for instantaneous volumetric analysis. The simulation results show that the design of water bath purification with double-layer bubble breakage and spray dust removal process can significantly increase the interface area and contact time of gas-liquid fraction, and the lower the incident velocity of flue gas, the higher the liquid level of the liquid pool and the longer the gas-liquid separation interface and contact time. Thirdly, the mechanism of welding flue gas generation is studied, and the turbulent model of welding flue gas diffusion is analyzed, and the simulation of welding flue gas diffusion is carried out by using DPM model. According to the simulation results of water bath purification and flue gas diffusion, a new water bath purification system was designed, and the welding comparison test was carried out with this experimental device. It provides theoretical support and experimental verification for gas shielded welding and manual arc welding water bath purification system. Finally, the efficiency of welding flue gas water bath purification is studied by means of flue gas measuring instrument. Comparing the influence of bubble crusher and spray dust collector on the efficiency of welding dust removal in the process of welding flue gas water bath purification, the single factor analysis method is used. The dedusting efficiency of flue gas with different incidence velocity and liquid level was studied experimentally. The results show that the dust removal efficiency of water bath purification system with bubble crusher and spray dust removal device is high and the lower the incident velocity of flue gas is, the higher the dust removal efficiency of liquid level in liquid tank is.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X76

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