本文選題：黃河 + 多環(huán)芳烴　； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著黃河流域沿岸經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,持久性有機(jī)污染物日益受到人們的關(guān)注,本文以 23 種多環(huán)芳烴(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)為目標(biāo)污染物,首次從源頭至入海口對(duì)黃河流域水體、沉積物及土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的種類、含量進(jìn)行了研究,全流域共設(shè)39個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)。揭示了近年來(lái)黃河全流域多環(huán)芳烴殘留規(guī)律,并對(duì)受到強(qiáng)致癌性污染和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性的采樣點(diǎn)地區(qū)進(jìn)行具體來(lái)源分析,以便從源頭對(duì)多環(huán)芳烴的輸入進(jìn)行有效控制。結(jié)果如下:(1)對(duì)黃河全流域39個(gè)國(guó)控?cái)嗝娌蓸狱c(diǎn)中水、沉積物和土壤中PAHs檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明:黃河流域春秋季水相中總多環(huán)芳烴∑23PAHS(6種致癌性多環(huán)芳烴∑6carPAHs)總濃度范圍分別為 51.84～1941.29ng/L(4.85～1122.67ng/L)和1.20～802.13ng/L(0～101.52ng/L);沉積物中春秋季∑23PAH3(∑6carPAHs)總濃度范圍分別是 14.09～1004.08ng/g(1.39～134.05ng/g)和 10.01～2429.70ng/g(16.93～171.92ng/g);沿岸土壤中春秋季∑23PAHs(∑carPAHs)總濃度范圍分別是18.22～867.55ng/g(24.73～370.54ng/g)和 3.53～1097.23ng/g(53.6～582.01ng/g)。由此可知,黃河流域不同季節(jié)三相介質(zhì)中總多環(huán)芳烴與致癌性多環(huán)芳烴分布相關(guān)性較高,沉積物中PAHs含量高于土壤(干重);甘肅段和河南段PAHs含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于黃河流域平均PAHs濃度;水相、沉積物和土壤中PAHs平均含量與國(guó)內(nèi)外不同河流相比處于中等偏低的水平,但高污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的地區(qū)需重點(diǎn)控制以防惡化。(2)分別用比值法、主成分分析法和PMF模型法對(duì)黃河流域春秋季不同介質(zhì)中PAHs的輸入源進(jìn)行比較分析,以便有關(guān)部門從源頭對(duì)多環(huán)芳烴污染進(jìn)行控制。結(jié)果表明:春秋季水相中主要污染源分別為石油、煤焦油直接污染和煤炭、木材的燃燒;黃河春秋季沉積物相中多環(huán)芳烴主要來(lái)源分別為煤、木材的燃燒和石油、煤及木材的不完全燃燒;黃河沿岸土壤中春季PAHs的主要污染源為有機(jī)質(zhì)、木材與煤的燃燒;秋季的主要來(lái)源為木材與煤的燃燒。由此可見(jiàn)黃河流域不同季節(jié)不同介質(zhì)間PAHs來(lái)源也不同,主要是由PAHs的理化性質(zhì)決定的。而水相、沉積物和土壤中主要污染來(lái)源都包括煤和木材的燃燒,可見(jiàn)需從該兩方面入手來(lái)控制黃河沿岸PAHs向環(huán)境中的輸入。(3)分別用毒性當(dāng)量法、熵值法和健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)方法對(duì)黃河流域三相中多環(huán)芳烴進(jìn)行生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明:春秋季水相中致癌性危險(xiǎn)高的采樣點(diǎn)分別為貴德(甘肅)、三門峽(河南)、西師(河南)、民和(甘肅)、石嘴山(內(nèi)蒙)和高村(山東);春秋季分別有12.5%和15%采樣點(diǎn)的苯并[a]芘超過(guò)我國(guó)地表水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值。水相中PAHs的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)普遍存在,尤其是對(duì)水中昆蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極大。黃河流域春秋季沉積物中致癌性PAHs濃度高的地區(qū)分別都為西師(河南)和黑石關(guān)(河南);而土壤中春秋季致癌性較高的地區(qū)分別為黑石關(guān)(河南)、青銅峽(內(nèi)蒙)、享堂(甘肅)和新城橋(甘肅)。由此可見(jiàn)黃河流域河南段風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于其他地區(qū),河南省為農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)大省,粗放式排放造成了黃河河南段PAHs高殘留和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)分析表明三種暴露途徑對(duì)人類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大小順序?yàn)榻?jīng)口誤食皮膚接觸呼吸攝入;春秋季分別有53%和55%的采樣點(diǎn)會(huì)通過(guò)誤食途經(jīng)對(duì)沿岸兒童造成高風(fēng)險(xiǎn),17.5%和25%的采樣點(diǎn)會(huì)經(jīng)皮膚暴露對(duì)沿岸兒童造成一定致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此要減少高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)采樣點(diǎn)源頭排放并加強(qiáng)對(duì)沿岸兒童的保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the economic development along the the Yellow River River Basin, the persistent organic pollutants are getting more and more attention. In this paper, 23 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs) are used as the target pollutants. The species and content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water, sediment and soil in the the Yellow River basin are first studied from the source to the entrance to the sea. There are 39 sampling points in the whole river basin. The rule of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in the whole river basin of the Yellow River in recent years is revealed, and the specific source analysis is carried out on the area of highly carcinogenic pollution and high risk sampling point, so that the input of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be effectively controlled from the source. The results are as follows: (1) in the 39 national control cross section sampling points in the whole river basin of the Yellow River The results of PAHs detection in water, sediment and soil showed that the total concentration range of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (6 kinds of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (6carPAHs) in the water phase of the spring and Autumn Period in the the Yellow River basin was 51.84 to 1941.29ng/L (4.85 to 1122.67ng/L) and 1.20 to 802.13ng/L (0 to 101.52ng/L), respectively, and the total concentration range of sigma 23PAH3 (sigma 6carPAHs) in spring and autumn in the sediments. From 14.09 to 1004.08ng/g (1.39 to 134.05ng/g) and 10.01 to 2429.70ng/g (16.93 to 171.92ng/g), the total concentrations of sigma 23PAHs (sigma carPAHs) in spring and autumn in coastal soils are 18.22 to 867.55ng/g (24.73 to 370.54ng/g) and 3.53 to 1097.23ng/g (53.6 to 582.01ng/ g). Therefore, the total number of three phase medium in different seasons in the Yellow River basin is much more than that. The distribution of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is higher, and the content of PAHs in the sediments is higher than that in the soil (dry weight); the content of PAHs in Gansu and Henan sections is far higher than that of the average PAHs concentration in the the Yellow River basin; the average content of PAHs in water, sediment and soil is at the middle level compared with the different rivers at home and abroad, but the area with high pollution risk is high. The key control is needed to prevent the deterioration. (2) the ratio method, principal component analysis and PMF model method are used to compare the input sources of PAHs in different media in the spring and Autumn period of the Yellow River basin, so that the relevant departments can control the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the source. The results show that the main pollution sources in the spring and autumn season are the main pollution sources of the oil and the coal tar is directly polluted. The main source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediment phase in the spring and Autumn period of the Yellow River is coal, wood combustion and oil, and the incomplete combustion of coal and wood, and the main source of PAHs pollution in spring along the Yellow River coastal soil is organic matter, wood and coal combustion, and the main source of the autumn season is the burning of wood and coal. The sources of PAHs in different seasons in different seasons are also different, mainly determined by the physical and chemical properties of PAHs. The main pollution sources of water, sediment and soil include the combustion of coal and wood. It is visible from the two aspects to control the input of PAHs along the the Yellow River coast to the environment. (3) the entropy method and the health are used respectively. The ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yellow River basin was carried out by the method of health risk assessment. The results showed that the sampling points of high risk of carcinogenicity in the spring and Autumn period were Guide (Gansu), Sanmenxia (Henan), Western Division (Henan), min and Gansu, Shizuishan (Inner Mongolia) and Takamura (Shandong), and 12.5% and 15% sampling points of benzo [a respectively in the spring and Autumn period. The risk of pyrene exceeds the standard limit of surface water in China. The risk of PAHs in the water phase is widespread, especially in the water insect larvae. In the spring and Autumn period of the Yellow River basin, the regions with high concentrations of carcinogenic PAHs are the Western Division (Henan) and the black stone (Henan), and the areas with higher carcinogenicity in spring and autumn in the soil are the black stone (Henan), respectively. Qingtongxia (Inner Mongolia), enjoy Hall (Gansu) and Xincheng bridge (Gansu). Therefore, the risk of Henan section in the Yellow River river basin is higher than that of other regions, Henan province is a large agricultural and industrial province. Extensive emission caused the high residual and high risk of PAHs in Henan section of the Yellow River. The health risk assessment analysis shows that the three exposures to human risk are in order of error in the order of human risk. In the spring and Autumn period, 53% and 55% of the sampling points in the spring and Autumn period can cause high risk to the children along the coast. The 17.5% and 25% sampling points will cause certain carcinogenic risks to the coastal children through the skin exposure. Therefore, the source of high risk sampling points should be reduced and the protection of the children along the coast should be strengthened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X592;X820.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 張旭;盧雙;裴晉;姚宏;于曉華;;長(zhǎng)江湖北段表層土中多環(huán)芳烴分布、來(lái)源及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2016年12期

2 許云竹;花修藝;董德明;梁大鵬;李仁聲;劉春陽(yáng);;地表水環(huán)境中PAHs源解析的方法比較及應(yīng)用[J];吉林大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(理學(xué)版);2011年03期

3 ;Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Yellow River Estuary and Yangtze River Estuary,China[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2009年12期

4 智昕;牛軍峰;唐陣武;楊志峰;;長(zhǎng)江水系武漢段典型有機(jī)氯農(nóng)藥的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2008年01期

5 楊曉磊;陸貽通;曹林奎;;多環(huán)芳烴熒蒽降解菌的篩選鑒定及降解特性研究[J];科技通報(bào);2007年01期

6 段永紅;陶澍;王學(xué)軍;李本綱;朱利中;駱永明;;天津表層土壤中多環(huán)芳烴的主要來(lái)源[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2006年03期

7 郭躍東,何巖,鄧偉,章光新,潘繼花;扎龍河濱濕地對(duì)地表徑流氮磷污染物的凈化作用[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2005年03期

8 麥碧嫻,林崢,張干,盛國(guó)英,閔育順,傅家謨;珠江三角洲河流和珠江口表層沉積物中有機(jī)污染物研究——多環(huán)芳烴和有機(jī)氯農(nóng)藥的分布及特征[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2000年02期

9 朱利中,沈?qū)W優(yōu),劉勇建,葉春生;高效液相色譜法分析水中痕量多環(huán)芳烴[J];環(huán)境化學(xué);1999年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉穎;上海市土壤和水體沉積物中多環(huán)芳烴的測(cè)定方法、分布特征和源解析[D];同濟(jì)大學(xué);2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 尹莉莉;扎龍濕地中持久性有機(jī)污染物的污染特征研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2008年

2 鄭海龍;天津海河干流沉積物中多環(huán)芳烴的分布特征研究[D];天津大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：2032072