本文選題：飲用水 + 微生物指標(biāo)�。� 參考：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:利用全國農(nóng)村水質(zhì)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)和疾病監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),分析介水傳染病發(fā)病情況和飲用水微生物指標(biāo)合格情況及其相關(guān)關(guān)系;利用全國突發(fā)性水污染事件數(shù)據(jù),分析水污染事件發(fā)生規(guī)律和微生物指標(biāo)檢測結(jié)果,探究飲用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中微生物指標(biāo)間的關(guān)系以及與介水傳染病間的關(guān)系。方法:本研究申請獲取了 2014年全國農(nóng)村水質(zhì)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)和全國疾病監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),通過數(shù)據(jù)整理,選擇其中21個(gè)省1381個(gè)縣的數(shù)據(jù)作為本研究的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。對(duì)介水傳染病發(fā)病情況,飲用水微生物指標(biāo)監(jiān)測情況和突發(fā)性水污染事件進(jìn)行一般描述性分析;利用spearman相關(guān)分析總大腸菌群與耐熱大腸菌群和大腸埃希氏菌之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系;將微生物指標(biāo)監(jiān)測結(jié)果分為5組,利用秩和檢驗(yàn)分析4種微生物指標(biāo)在不同水平下7種介水傳染病的發(fā)病率情況,并進(jìn)行差異性分析;同時(shí),選擇2起飲用水微生物污染導(dǎo)致的介水傳染病爆發(fā)事件,利用飲用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中微生物指標(biāo)檢測結(jié)果進(jìn)行健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模擬評(píng)估,比較與實(shí)際健康結(jié)果的一致性。本研究使用Excel 2016進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)初步篩選整理,使用SAS 9.4進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果:1.2014年1381個(gè)區(qū)縣痢疾、感染性腹瀉、傷寒、副傷寒、甲肝和戊肝6種介水傳染病發(fā)病率分別為10.73/10萬,67.68/10萬,0.89/10萬,0.31/10萬,1.36/10萬,2.4/10萬。其中感染性腹瀉發(fā)病率最高,痢疾次之;介水傳染病發(fā)病率地區(qū)性差異較大。2.2014年1381個(gè)監(jiān)測縣共監(jiān)測水樣41005份,總大腸菌群超標(biāo)的水樣數(shù)為11102(27.07%),總大腸菌群不合格的情況下74.04%(8220/11102)的耐熱大腸菌群不合格,40.53%(4500/11102)的大腸埃希氏菌不合格;總大腸菌群監(jiān)測結(jié)果與耐熱大腸菌群、大腸埃希氏菌監(jiān)測結(jié)果呈正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.72和 0.36。3.總體上,痢疾發(fā)病率與總大腸菌群監(jiān)測結(jié)果有關(guān)(x2=9.9695,P=0.0409);感染性腹瀉、傷寒、副傷寒、甲肝和戊肝發(fā)病率與總大腸菌群、耐熱大腸菌群、大腸埃希氏菌和菌落總數(shù)監(jiān)測結(jié)果有關(guān)。4.2004-2013年全國119起突發(fā)性水污染事件中有詳細(xì)報(bào)告信息的85起,其中因微生物引起的水污染事件56起,2起個(gè)案中微生物指標(biāo)檢測結(jié)果的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模擬評(píng)估結(jié)果與事件實(shí)際健康結(jié)果較為一致。結(jié)論:1.總大腸菌群不合格的情況下可預(yù)測耐熱大腸菌群和大腸埃希氏菌的不合格情況。2.痢疾發(fā)病率與總大腸菌群監(jiān)測結(jié)果有關(guān),感染性腹瀉、傷寒、副傷寒、甲肝和戊肝發(fā)病率與總大腸菌群、耐熱大腸菌群、大腸埃希氏菌和菌落總數(shù)監(jiān)測結(jié)果相有。3.突發(fā)性微生物水污染事件中微生物指標(biāo)檢測結(jié)果的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模擬評(píng)估結(jié)果與事件實(shí)際健康結(jié)果較為一致。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the incidence of water-borne diseases and the qualification of drinking water microbial indicators and their correlation with the data of water quality monitoring and disease monitoring in rural areas of China, and to use the data of sudden water pollution events in China. This paper analyzes the regularity of water pollution events and the results of microbial index detection, and probes into the relationship between microbial indexes in drinking water standards and the relationship between them and water-borne diseases. Methods: the data of national rural water quality monitoring and national disease surveillance in 2014 were obtained. The data of 1381 counties in 21 provinces were selected as the basic data of this study. The incidence of water-borne diseases, the monitoring of microbial indicators in drinking water and the sudden water pollution events were analyzed by general descriptive analysis, and the correlation between total coliform group and heat-resistant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli was analyzed by spearman correlation. The monitoring results of microbial indexes were divided into 5 groups. The incidence of 7 kinds of water-borne infectious diseases in different levels was analyzed by rank sum test, and the differences were analyzed. Two outbreaks of water-borne infectious diseases caused by microbial contamination in drinking water were selected, and the health risk was evaluated by using the results of microbial indicators in drinking water standards, and the results were compared with the actual health results. In this study, Excel 2016 was used for preliminary data screening and statistical analysis. Results: 1.The incidence of dysentery, infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, hepatitis A and hepatitis E in 1381 districts and counties in 2014 were 10.73 / 100 000, 0.89% / 100,000, 0.31% / 100 000 and 1.36% / 100 000 respectively. The incidence of infectious diarrhea was the highest, followed by dysentery, and the incidence of water-borne diseases was different in different regions. 2. In 2014, 41005 water samples were monitored in 1 321 surveillance counties. The total coliform group exceeded the standard water sample number was 11102% 27.07%, the total coliform group was 74.04% (8220% 11102%), the total coliform group was 40.53% 4500% 11102%), and the total coliform group monitoring result was related to the heat-resistant coliform group. There was a positive correlation between the monitoring results of Escherichia coli and the correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.36.3 respectively. In general, the incidence of dysentery was related to the results of total coliform group surveillance, and the incidence of infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, hepatitis A and hepatitis E was associated with the total coliform group and heat-resistant coliform group. The results of surveillance on the total number of Escherichia coli and colonies are related to 85 of the 119 incidents of sudden water pollution reported in the country from 2004 to 2013, Among them, the results of health risk simulation of microbiological indicators were consistent with the actual health results in 2 cases of 56 water pollution events caused by microbes. Conclusion 1. If the total coliform group is not qualified, the unqualified condition of heat resistant coliform group and Escherichia coli can be predicted. The incidence of dysentery was related to the surveillance results of total coliform bacteria, infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, hepatitis A and hepatitis E were closely related to total coliform group, heat-resistant coliform group, Escherichia coli and total number of colonies. The results of health risk simulation of microbiological indicators in sudden microbial water pollution events are in good agreement with the actual health results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R123.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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1 符剛;曾強(qiáng);趙亮;張s，

本文編號(hào)：2021627